{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:17:08Z","timestamp":1783538228353,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2017002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2017002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:09:18Z","timestamp":1776949758000},"page":"120165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Size-dependent neurotoxicity of PbSe nanoparticles: Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction mediate cognitive impairment in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"316","author":[{"given":"Zongkai","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingzhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050612","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier-targeting nanoparticles: biomaterial properties and biomedical applications in translational neuroscience","volume":"17","author":"Asimakidou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1919755117","article-title":"Machine learning predicts the functional composition of the protein corona and the cellular recognition of nanoparticles","author":"Ban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6320","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0449-07.2007","article-title":"Neuron-specific inactivation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1\u03b1 increases brain injury in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"27","author":"Baranova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2013.05.008","article-title":"Effect of lead sulfide nanoparticles exposure on calcium homeostasis in rat hippocampus neurons","volume":"126","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1039\/c9mt00151d","article-title":"Activation of Nrf2 by lead sulfide nanoparticles induces impairment of learning and memory","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/48\/485102","article-title":"Size-dependent impairment of cognition in mice caused by the injection of goldnanoparticles","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib9","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: a review","volume":"7","author":"Collin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"5355","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5355.1347","article-title":"An area specialized for spatial working memory in human frontal cortex","volume":"279","author":"Courtney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.12.037","article-title":"Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration","volume":"29","author":"De Jong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03543.2002","article-title":"GAP-43 is critical for normal development of the serotonergic innervation in forebrain","volume":"22","author":"Donovan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr11836j","article-title":"Infrared colloidal lead chalcogenide nanocrystals: synthesis, properties, and photovoltaic applications","volume":"4","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2005.11.040","article-title":"Influence of particle size on transport of methotrexate across blood brain barrier by polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles","volume":"310","author":"Gao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002153","article-title":"Membrane-derived phospholipids control synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9469","article-title":"Inhalation exposure study of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 2\u20135 nm","volume":"115","author":"Grassian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib17","first-page":"1453","article-title":"Nano-zinc oxide damages spatial cognition capability via over-enhanced long-term potentiation in hippocampus of Wistar rats","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2013.868059","article-title":"Rat hippocampal responses up to 90 days after a single nanoceria dose extends a hierarchical oxidative stress model for nanoparticle toxicity","volume":"8","author":"Hardas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"issue":"6805","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/35037710","article-title":"The biochemistry of apoptosis","volume":"407","author":"Hengartner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.04.027","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of hippocampal apoptosis of mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles","volume":"191","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404152","article-title":"Membrane-nanoparticle interactions: the impact of membrane lipids","volume":"20","author":"Issler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12799","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c14571","article-title":"Inhaled lead nanoparticles enter the brain through the olfactory pathway and induce neurodegenerative changes resembling tauopathies","volume":"19","author":"Jedli\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"109390","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib23","article-title":"Long term exposure to multiple environmental stressors induces mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in testis: insights from metabolomics and transcriptomics","volume":"198","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.356","article-title":"Culturing hippocampal neurons","volume":"1","author":"Kaech","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020386","article-title":"The crucial role of the blood\u2013brain barrier in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms of disruption and therapeutic implications","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10074","DOI":"10.1021\/nn203948x","article-title":"Flexible, low-voltage, and low-hysteresis PbSe nanowire field-effect transistors","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02887-1","article-title":"Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in type 1 diabetes","volume":"946","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib28","article-title":"Recent progress on nanotechnologies for enhancing blood-brain barrier permeability","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Smart Mol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4230","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr33723e","article-title":"Ambipolar, low-voltage and low-hysteresis PbSe nanowire field-effect transistors by electrolyte gating","volume":"5","author":"Lokteva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4346","DOI":"10.1021\/es060589n","article-title":"Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity","volume":"40","author":"Long","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.101830","article-title":"Neurotoxicity study of lead-based perovskite nanoparticles","volume":"50","author":"Mei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"issue":"5761","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114397","article-title":"Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel","volume":"311","author":"Nel","year":"2006","journal-title":"science"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20633","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c01841","article-title":"Synthesis of a single PbSe magic-sized cluster: insights into reaction kinetics, atomic structure, and optical properties","volume":"19","author":"Puri","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/NS20180207","article-title":"Culturing primary neurons from rat hippocampus and cortex","volume":"3","author":"Sahu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron Signal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/21622965.2018.1428803","article-title":"Lead (Pb) neurotoxicology and cognition","volume":"8","author":"Santa Maria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol. Child"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.5c00616","article-title":"Understanding the toxicity of metal-based nanomaterials: current insights, challenges, and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1021\/nn103024b","article-title":"Hybrid quantum dot\u2212fatty ester stealth nanoparticles: toward clinically relevant in vivo optical imaging of deep tissue","volume":"5","author":"Shuhendler","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022575999","article-title":"Synaptophysin regulates activity-dependent synapse formation in cultured hippocampal neurons","volume":"99","author":"Tarsa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.09.014","article-title":"Time-dependent translocation and potential impairment on central nervous system by intranasally instilled TiO2 nanoparticles","volume":"254","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"108523","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib40","article-title":"Oxidized\/unmodified-polyethylene microplastics neurotoxicity in mice: perspective from microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"185","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.1021\/nn103530b","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: brain localization and dopaminergic neurons damage pathways","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"119491","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib42","article-title":"Nanomaterial-based blood-brain-barrier (BBB) crossing strategies","volume":"224","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760701499356","article-title":"Critical roles of reactive oxygen species in mitochondrial permeability transition in mediating evodiamine-induced human melanoma A375-S2 cell apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20371","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA01861C","article-title":"The interaction between lead sulfide nano-dendrites and Saccharomyce cerevisiae is involved in nanotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13543","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b04444","article-title":"The phases of WS2 nanosheets influence uptake, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, membrane damage, and metabolism in algae","volume":"52","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05537","article-title":"WS2 nanosheets at noncytotoxic concentrations enhance the cytotoxicity of organic pollutants by disturbing the plasma membrane and efflux pumps","volume":"54","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2010.03.015","article-title":"Acute toxicity study of the interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and lead acetate in mice","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"125321","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib48","article-title":"Photolytic degradation elevated the toxicity of polylactic acid microplastics to developing zebrafish by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis","volume":"413","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165_bib49","article-title":"Exposure to PbSe nanoparticles and male reproductive damage in a rat model","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014765132600494X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014765132600494X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:17:12Z","timestamp":1783127832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014765132600494X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S014765132600494X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Size-dependent neurotoxicity of PbSe nanoparticles: Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction mediate cognitive impairment in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120165","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120165"}}