{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:26:03Z","timestamp":1792189563359,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200020_219277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200020_219277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"DAAD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:48:47Z","timestamp":1777736927000},"page":"120205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unraveling effect pathways and biomagnification: The impact of a polyfluoroalkyl fungicide on an aquatic decomposer-detritivore system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"317","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8717-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4876-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Bundschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3258-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Raths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1513-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9771-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Baschien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4660-274X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Hollender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Feckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2014.09.004","article-title":"Aquatic hyphomycetes: a potential source of polyunsaturated fatty acids in detritus-based stream food webs","volume":"13","author":"Arce Funck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2427.1992.tb00556.x","article-title":"Effects of drying and freezing autumn leaves on leaching and colonization by aquatic Hyphomycetes","volume":"28","author":"B\u00e4rlocher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Freshw. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3471","article-title":"Fungal\u2013fungal and fungal\u2013bacterial interactions in aquatic decomposer communities: bacteria promote fungal diversity","volume":"102","author":"Baudy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117234","article-title":"Environmentally relevant fungicide levels modify fungal community composition and interactions but not functioning","volume":"285","author":"Baudy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224132","article-title":"Evolutionarily conserved susceptibility of the mitochondrial respiratory chain to SDHI pesticides and its consequence on the impact of SDHIs on human cultured cells","volume":"14","author":"B\u00e9nit","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00212294","article-title":"Systematic analysis of aqueous ion requirements of Hyalella azteca: A standard artificial medium including the essential bromide ion","volume":"30","author":"Borgmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2011.03.010","article-title":"Fungal composition on leaves explains pollutant-mediated indirect effects on amphipod feeding","volume":"104","author":"Bundschuh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2022.101142","article-title":"Laboratory conditions can change the complexity and composition of the natural aquatic mycobiome on Alnus glutinosa leaf litter","volume":"57-58","author":"Carl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib9","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Clarke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Change in marine communities. An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00815.x","article-title":"Magnitude and variability of process rates in fungal diversity-litter decomposition relationships","volume":"8","author":"Dang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00591.x","article-title":"Species richness\u2013decomposition relationships depend on species dominance","volume":"7","author":"Dangles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2013.02.003","article-title":"A decade's perspective on the impact of DNA sequencing on aquatic hyphomycete research","volume":"27","author":"Duarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib13","unstructured":"Eurostat. (2018). The group 'fungicides and bactericides' was the most sold group of pesticides in the EU in 2021. \u3008https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Agri-environmental_indicator_-_consumption_of_pesticides#Eurostat\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-023-02268-w","article-title":"Diatoms Reduce Decomposition of and Fungal Abundance on Less Recalcitrant Leaf Litter via Negative Priming","volume":"86","author":"Feckler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1086\/709726","article-title":"Decoupled structure and function of leaf-associated microorganisms under anthropogenic pressure: Potential hurdles for environmental monitoring","volume":"39","author":"Feckler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Freshw. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e402","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13859","article-title":"History matters: Heterotrophic microbial community structure and function adapt to multiple stressors","volume":"24","author":"Feckler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib17","article-title":"Fluopyram-a new active ingredient from Bayer CropScience","author":"Fought","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2307\/1939639","article-title":"Importance of Stream Microfungi in Controlling Breakdown Rates of Leaf Litter","volume":"75","author":"Gessner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2307\/3546505","article-title":"A perspective on leaf litter breakdown in streams","author":"Gessner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2279","article-title":"Biomagnification and tissue distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in market-size rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"32","author":"Goeritz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2632(200107)86:4\/5<383::AID-IROH383>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"The Role of Invertebrates on Leaf Litter Decomposition in Streams \u2013 a Review","volume":"86","author":"Gra\u00e7a","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib22","series-title":"Methods to Study Litter Decomposition: A Practical Guide","first-page":"223","article-title":"An Illustrated Key to the Common Temperate Species of Aquatic Hyphomycetes. In","author":"Gulis","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib23","series-title":"Methods to Study Litter Decomposition: A Practical Guide","first-page":"273","article-title":"Lignin-Degrading Enzymes: Phenoloxidase and Peroxidase. In","author":"Hendel","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib24","first-page":"11","article-title":"Package \u2018BiodiversityR\u2019","volume":"2","author":"Kindt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Package Community Ecol. Suitabil. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111848","article-title":"Chronic effects of the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin in the leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) via two effect pathways","volume":"209","author":"Konschak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib26","article-title":"Gammarus spp. in Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Water Quality Assessment: Toward Integrated Multilevel Tests","volume":"205","author":"Kunz","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib27","article-title":"Continuous high-frequency pesticide monitoring to observe the unexpected and the overlooked","volume":"13","author":"La Cecilia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res. X"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenvironau.1c00023","article-title":"Systematic Underestimation of Pesticide Burden for Invertebrates under Field Conditions: Comparing the Influence of Dietary Uptake and Aquatic Exposure Dynamics","volume":"2","author":"Lauper","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Environ. Au"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.12.032","article-title":"Accumulation and half-lives of 13 pesticides in muscle tissue of freshwater fishes through food exposure","volume":"91","author":"Lazartigues","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib30","first-page":"7","article-title":"Package \u2018plotrix\u2019","volume":"Version 3","author":"Lemon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Var. Plotting Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib31","article-title":"emmeans: estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means","author":"Lenth","year":"2019","journal-title":"R. Package Version"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2015.1133242","article-title":"An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12243","article-title":"Fungal community analysis by high-throughput sequencing of amplified markers \u2013 a user's guide","volume":"199","author":"Lindahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Phytol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2008.02.004","article-title":"Statistical significance and biological relevance: A call for a more cautious interpretation of results in ecology","volume":"34","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Abra\u00edn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Oecologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02118-2","article-title":"Current-use pesticides in vegetation, topsoil and water reveal contaminated landscapes of the Upper Rhine Valley, Germany","volume":"6","author":"Mauser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Earth & Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib36","series-title":"Test No. 305: Bioaccumulation in Fish: Aqueous and Dietary Exposure","author":"OECD","year":"2012"},{"issue":"631-637","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib37","first-page":"719","article-title":"The vegan package","volume":"10","author":"Oksanen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Ecol. Package"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5266","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5266-5273.2004","article-title":"Contribution of fungi and bacteria to leaf litter decomposition in a polluted river","volume":"70","author":"Pascoal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib39","unstructured":"Pesticide Action Network Europe. (2024). Toxic Harvest: The rise of forever PFAS pesticides in fruit and vegetables in Europe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib40","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2024). R: a language and environment for statistical computing; R Core team: Vienna, Austria, 2022. www. r-project. org."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5615","article-title":"Importance of Dietary Uptake for in Situ Bioaccumulation of Systemic Fungicides Using Gammarus pulex as a Model Organism","volume":"42","author":"Raths","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16542","article-title":"Speed it up: How temperature drives toxicokinetics of organic contaminants in freshwater amphipods","volume":"29","author":"Raths","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146021","article-title":"Dose-Response Analysis Using R","volume":"10","author":"Ritz","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib44","first-page":"419","article-title":"Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint-Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review","volume":"33","author":"Schulz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162770","article-title":"EU need to protect its environment from toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances","volume":"876","author":"Sonne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.01.022","article-title":"Effect of gender on physiological and behavioural responses of Gammarus roeseli (Crustacea Amphipoda) to salinity and temperature","volume":"158","author":"Sornom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib47","unstructured":"Sverdrup, L.E., Bj\u00f8rge, C., Eklo, O.M., Grung, M., K\u00e4llqvist, T., Klingen, I., L\u00e5g, M., Ropstad, E., & Rivedal, E. (2014). Risk assessment of the fungicide Luna Privilege with the active substance fluopyram. Opinion of the Panel on Plant Protection Products of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. VKM Report."},{"issue":"6213","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256688","article-title":"Global diversity and geography of soil fungi","volume":"346","author":"Tedersoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147","article-title":"ggplot2","volume":"3","author":"Wickham","year":"2011","journal-title":"WIREs Comput. Stat."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.10.049","article-title":"Determination of the dietary biomagnification of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane with the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"93","author":"Woodburn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2014.03.002","article-title":"Effects of current-use fungicides and their mixtures on the feeding and survival of the key shredder Gammarus fossarum","volume":"150","author":"Zubrod","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12393","article-title":"Inorganic fungicides as routinely applied in organic and conventional agriculture can increase palatability but reduce microbial decomposition of leaf litter","volume":"52","author":"Zubrod","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326005348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326005348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:56:54Z","timestamp":1783090614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326005348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0147651326005348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unraveling effect pathways and biomagnification: The impact of a polyfluoroalkyl fungicide on an aquatic decomposer-detritivore system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120205","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120205"}}