{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:06:52Z","timestamp":1789589212358,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015672","name":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Nutrition and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T10:33:34Z","timestamp":1781778814000},"page":"120392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Co-exposure to phthalates and their alternatives in early pregnancy and the subsequent risk of pregnancy complications: A nested case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"320","author":[{"given":"Zhaoying","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaga","family":"Mahai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongzhang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(85)90015-0","article-title":"Adverse effects of butyl benzyl phthalate on the reproductive and hematopoietic systems of male rats","author":"Agarwal Dk Fau - Maronpot","year":"1985","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22-as01","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes\u20142022 abridged for primary care providers","volume":"40","author":"American Diabetes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.02.017","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture disrupts testicular steroidogenesis in adult male mice","author":"Barakat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105706","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and allergic diseases: review of epidemiological and experimental evidence","volume":"139","author":"Bolling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.3115","article-title":"Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in early childhood","volume":"172","author":"Bornehag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jama Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307261","article-title":"Gestational exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and reciprocal social, repetitive, and stereotypic behaviors in 4-and 5-year-old children: the HOME study","volume":"122","author":"Braun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106987","article-title":"Presence of parabens, phenols and phthalates in paired maternal serum, urine and amniotic fluid","volume":"158","author":"Br\u00e4uner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP188","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites measured during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia","volume":"124","author":"Cantonwine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.6347","article-title":"Ozone exposure during pregnancy and risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia in China","volume":"6","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jama Netw. Open."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e626","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00560-6","article-title":"Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009-20: a WHO systematic analysis","volume":"13","author":"Cresswell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6047","article-title":"Phthalate and bisphenol exposure during pregnancy and offspring nonverbal IQ","volume":"128","author":"van den Dries","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00517700","article-title":"Determination of four metabolites of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in human urine samples","author":"Dirven","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106609","article-title":"Perturbation of serum metabolome in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus and urinary levels of phthalate metabolites and bisphenols","volume":"155","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117316","article-title":"Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus after high exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances from drinking water in Ronneby, Sweden","volume":"239","author":"Ebel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.3699","article-title":"Environmental phthalate exposure and preterm birth","author":"Ferguson","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.65","article-title":"Bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations: daily and across pregnancy variability","volume":"25","author":"Fisher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Env Epid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eehl.2024.01.007","article-title":"Associating prenatal phthalate exposure with childhood autistic traits: investigating potential adverse outcome pathways and the modifying effects of maternal vitamin D","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eco Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036748","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality in women with a history of pregnancy complications systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Grandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib19","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to chemical mixtures and metabolic syndrome risk in children","author":"Gueil-Oumrait","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jama Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1021\/es103879m","article-title":"Occurrence of phthalate metabolites in human urine from several asian countries","volume":"45","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib21","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Report of the American college of obstetricians and gynecologists\u2019 task force on hypertension in pregnancy","volume":"122","author":"Gynecologists","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120828","article-title":"Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"317","author":"Hirke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065584","article-title":"Pathogenesis of pregnancy-related complications","volume":"24","author":"Hromadnikova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e230","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30094-3","article-title":"Association of adverse birth outcomes with prenatal exposure to vanadium: a population-based cohort study","volume":"1","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-6","article-title":"Gender and racial\/ethnic differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with markers of diabetes risk: national health and nutrition examination survey 2001-2008","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iizuka, T.A.-O., et al., 2022. Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate promotes uterine leiomyoma cell survival through tryptophan-kynurenine-AHR pathway activation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2208886119.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208886119"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104717","article-title":"Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and diabetes among women in the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2001-2008","volume":"120","author":"James-Todd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Persp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.09.009","article-title":"Pregnancy urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and gestational diabetes risk factors","volume":"96","author":"James-Todd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.021","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites associated with changes in clinical hemostatic and hematologic parameters in pregnant women","volume":"120","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib30","article-title":"Association of exposure to phthalates and phthalate alternatives with dyslexia in Chinese primary school children","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib31","first-page":"115","article-title":"Exposure to phthalates: reproductive outcome and children health. A review of epidemiological studies","volume":"24","author":"Jurewicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5838","article-title":"A quantile-based g-computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures","volume":"128","author":"Keil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108862","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and phthalates and altered patterns of DNA methylation in childhood","volume":"190","author":"Khodasevich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114255","article-title":"Urinary phthalate metabolites and anemia: findings from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015-2017)","volume":"215","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2012.12.002","article-title":"Identifying sources of phthalate exposure with human biomonitoring: results of a 48h fasting study with urine collection and personal activity patterns","author":"Koch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107300","article-title":"Urinary paraben derivatives in pregnant women at three trimesters: variability, predictors, and association with oxidative stress biomarkers","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134822","article-title":"Urinary levels of phthalates and DINCH metabolites in Korean and Thai pregnant women across three trimesters","volume":"711","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2396","article-title":"Circulating levels of phthalate metabolites are associated with prevalent diabetes in the elderly","volume":"35","author":"Lind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113203","article-title":"Determinants of phthalate exposures in pregnant women in New York City","volume":"212","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107769","article-title":"Paternal phthalate exposure-elicited offspring metabolic disorders are associated with altered sperm small RNAs in mice","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108562","article-title":"Co-exposure to phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the risk of gestational hypertension in Chinese women","volume":"185","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.01.022","article-title":"Urinary bisphenol A, phthalates, and couple fecundity: the longitudinal investigation of fertility and the environment (LIFE) study","volume":"101","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.10.002","article-title":"Migration and potential risk of trace phthalates in bottled water: a global situation","volume":"147","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108173","article-title":"Exposure to multiple neonicotinoid insecticides, oxidative stress, and gestational diabetes mellitus: association and potential mediation analyses","volume":"179","author":"Mahai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121739","article-title":"Exposure to phthalates and replacements during pregnancy in association with gestational blood pressure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"279","author":"McNell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14523","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and later life women's health","volume":"102","author":"McNestry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0268","article-title":"Phthalates and other additives in plastics: human exposure and associated health outcomes","volume":"364","author":"Meeker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108678","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in relation to preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program","volume":"187","author":"Meeker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000605","article-title":"Air pollutant exposure within a few days of delivery and placental abruption in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Michikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib50","series-title":"Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation","author":"Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.002","article-title":"The first-trimester of pregnancy - a window of opportunity for prediction and prevention of pregnancy complications and future life","volume":"145","author":"Poon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00366","article-title":"The endocrine disruption of prenatal phthalate exposure in mother and offspring","volume":"8","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117913","article-title":"Urinary metabolites of multiple volatile organic compounds among general population in Wuhan, central China: inter-day reproducibility, seasonal difference, and their associations with oxidative stress biomarkers","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.029","article-title":"Phthalate exposure and male reproductive outcomes: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence","author":"Radke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105067","article-title":"Temperature, placental abruption and stillbirth","volume":"131","author":"Rammah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101512","article-title":"utero exposure to phthalates and reproductive toxicity in rodents","volume":"35","author":"Repouskou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101512","article-title":"utero exposure to phthalates and reproductive toxicity in rodents","author":"Repouskou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.014","article-title":"Phthalate exposure during pregnancy and long-term weight gain in women","volume":"169","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carmona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.021","article-title":"Maternal urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance during pregnancy","volume":"123","author":"Shaffer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.05.016","article-title":"Exposure to phthalates, bisphenol A and metals in pregnancy and the association with impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus: the MIREC study","volume":"83","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-009-0078-9","article-title":"Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis","volume":"14","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2011.05.015","article-title":"Phthalate exposure associated with self-reported diabetes among Mexican women","volume":"111","author":"Svensson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05729","article-title":"Phthalates and phthalate alternatives have diverse associations with oxidative stress and inflammation in pregnant women","volume":"53","author":"van 't Erve","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-015-0140-0","article-title":"Occurrence of phthalate diesters in particulate and vapor phases in indoor air and implications for human exposure in Albany, New York, USA","volume":"68","author":"Tran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Con Tox"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.11.003","article-title":"Variability and predictors of urinary phthalate metabolites in Spanish pregnant women","volume":"218","author":"Valvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib66","article-title":"Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"369","author":"Vounzoulaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159570","article-title":"Serum concentrations of phthalate metabolites in pregnant women and their association with gestational diabetes mellitus and blood glucose levels","volume":"857","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib68","article-title":"The association between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and blood pressure in pregnancy: the HOME study","volume":"14","author":"Werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Health-Glob."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201000121","article-title":"Assessing exposure to phthalates - the human biomonitoring approach","volume":"55","author":"Wittassek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8562","article-title":"Maternal phthalates exposure and blood pressure during and after pregnancy in the PROGRESS study","volume":"129","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106612","article-title":"The associations of phthalate biomarkers during pregnancy with later glycemia and lipid profiles","volume":"155","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409202","article-title":"A case-control study of prenatal thallium exposure and low birth weight in China","volume":"124","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138132","article-title":"Exploring the relationships between prenatal phthalate exposure and neonatal thyroid function: a prospective cohort study","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2015.03.018","article-title":"Recent advances in analysis of phthalate esters in foods","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trac. -Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib75","article-title":"Association between exposure to a mixture of phenols, pesticides, and phthalates and obesity: comparison of three statistical models","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eehl.2025.100185","article-title":"Serum phthalates and risks of incident cardiovascular disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eco Environ. Health"}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326007219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326007219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:48:13Z","timestamp":1789588093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326007219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0147651326007219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-exposure to phthalates and their alternatives in early pregnancy and the subsequent risk of pregnancy complications: A nested case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120392","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120392"}}