{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T20:45:13Z","timestamp":1786221913697,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004480","name":"Shanxi Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:02:00Z","timestamp":1783627320000},"page":"120467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Synergistic effects of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Bacillus subtilis on cadmium accumulation in Forsythia suspensa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"322","author":[{"given":"Baozhen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaifang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanfang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.05.057","article-title":"The utilization of modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil reference materials of different origins","volume":"70","author":"\u017demberyov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.70613","article-title":"Unveiling the potential of rhizospheric Bacillus subtilis to enhance nitrogen metabolism, soil microbiota, and nutrient uptake under cadmium stress in maize","volume":"177","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1047410","article-title":"Cadmium toxicity in medicinal plants: An overview of the tolerance strategies, biotechnological and omics approaches to alleviate metal stress","volume":"13","author":"Al-Khayri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2008.12.025","article-title":"Biosynthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles by photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris","volume":"70","author":"Bai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colloid Surf. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(71)90370-8","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels","volume":"44","author":"Beauchamp","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib6","first-page":"561","article-title":"Revised assay for serum phenyl phosphatase activity using 4-amino-antipyrine","author":"Belfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Enzyme 12(5"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.3.715","article-title":"Promises and prospects of phytoremediation","volume":"110","author":"Cunningham","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13020085","article-title":"Role of soil microbiota enzymes in soil health and activity changes depending on climate change and the type of soil ecosystem","volume":"13","author":"Daunoras","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2026.141510","article-title":"Unraveling the mechanism of cadmium stress alleviation in Forsythia suspensa by SeNPs-enriched Rhodopseudomonas palustris via root metabolomics","volume":"505","author":"Fan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(80)90139-6","article-title":"Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using glutathione reductase and 2-vinylpyridine","volume":"106","author":"Griffith","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138757","article-title":"Species-specific and physiological states of rhizosphere bacteria drive heavy metal remediation","volume":"494","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedobi.2024.150945","article-title":"Microbial inoculation alters rhizoplane bacterial community and correlates with increased rice yield","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pollutants1010001","article-title":"Influence of moderate Cd and Pb soil pollution on seed development, photosynthetic performance and foliar accumulation in the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum","volume":"1","author":"Jafarova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pollutants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107698","article-title":"Construction and characterization of an engineered recombinant Rhodopseudomonas palustris to remove Cd2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(88)90554-4","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for determination of catalase activity in small tissue samples","volume":"174","author":"Johansson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257924","article-title":"Short-term assay of soil urease activity using colorimetric determination of ammonium","volume":"6","author":"Kandeler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2006.12.012","article-title":"Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments\u2013a review","volume":"28","author":"Kumpiene","year":"2008","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13121069","article-title":"Advances in microbial remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils: mechanisms, synergistic technologies, field applications and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib19","article-title":"Cerebroside C increases tolerance to chilling injury and alters lipid composition in wheat roots","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2025.104040","article-title":"Innovation and prospects of heavy metal solidification\/stabilization techniques: A comprehensive review on materials, mechanisms, and evaluation systems","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154136","article-title":"Rhizospheric mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis bioaugmentation-assisted phytostabilization of cadmium-contaminated soil","volume":"825","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib22","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Polyamine-producing bacteria regulated the community structure of rhizosphere bacteria and reduced the absorption of Cd in wheat","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib23","first-page":"577","article-title":"A comparative study of soil environmental standards for agricultural land among different countries and its implication for China","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Huan Jing Ke Xue"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-022-00176-4","article-title":"Comparative analysis of cold-responsive genes under short-term cold stimulation and cold-adaptive genes under long-term heterogeneous environments reveals a cold adaptation mechanism in weeping forsythia","volume":"151","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/730\/1\/012066","article-title":"Comparative study on several determination methods of chlorophyll content in plants","volume":"730","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib26","first-page":"364","article-title":"Study of two microbes combined to remediate field soil cadmium pollution","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Soil. Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129597","article-title":"Gibberellic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice by regulating NO accumulation and cell wall fixation capacity of cadmium","volume":"439","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14193040","article-title":"Synergistic lanthanum-cysteine chelate and corn steep liquor mitigate cadmium toxicity in Chinese cabbage via physiological-microbial coordination","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470110171.ch14","article-title":"The assay of catalases and peroxidases","volume":"1","author":"Maehly","year":"1954","journal-title":"Methods Biochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.109169","article-title":"Ionic and nano calcium to reduce cadmium and arsenic toxicity in plants: Review of mechanisms and potentials","volume":"216","author":"Nazir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib31","series-title":"Phytoremediation management of environmental contaminants","first-page":"29","article-title":"Phytoextraction of heavy metals by fast-growing trees: a review","author":"Pajevi\u0107","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6743-y","article-title":"Heavy metal accumulation in vegetable species and health risk assessment in Serbia","volume":"190","author":"Pajevi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1039\/a807854h","article-title":"Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials","volume":"1","author":"Rauret","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112540","article-title":"Boron application mitigates Cd toxicity in leaves of rice by subcellular distribution, cell wall adsorption and antioxidant system","volume":"222","author":"Riaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib35","article-title":"A suspected case of \u201citai-itai disease\u201d in a cadmium-polluted area in Akita prefecture, Japan","volume":"29","author":"Sasaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib36","first-page":"1488","article-title":"Determination and source of heavy metal from Forsythia fructus","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.115957","article-title":"Inoculation of cadmium-tolerant bacteria to regulate microbial activity and key bacterial population in cadmium-contaminated soils during bioremediation","volume":"271","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2012.07.013","article-title":"Heavy metals in medicinal plant products-An African perspective","volume":"82","author":"Street","year":"2012","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib39","first-page":"4321","article-title":"Immobilization of heavy metals by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and inhibition of Cd and Pb uptake by wheat","volume":"45","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171824","article-title":"Rhodopseudomonas palustris shapes bacterial community, reduces Cd bioavailability in Cd contaminated flooding paddy soil, and improves rice performance","volume":"926","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12856","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c00183","article-title":"Chemical speciation, plant uptake, and toxicity of heavy metals in agricultural soils","volume":"68","author":"Uchimiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134666","article-title":"Cadmium in food: Source, distribution and removal","volume":"405","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163574","article-title":"Mobility, bioaccumulation in plants, and risk assessment of metals in soils","volume":"882","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.17221\/355\/2020-PSE","article-title":"Inoculation of paddy soils with Rhodopseudomonas palustris enhanced heavy metal immobilisation","volume":"67","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant. Soil. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131937","article-title":"Stability and biomineralization of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles biosynthesized by the bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris under light","volume":"458","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.143109","article-title":"In-situ construction of biomineralized cadmium sulfide-Rhodopseudomonas palustris hybrid system: Mechanism of synergistic light utilization","volume":"364","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2025-0157","article-title":"Integrating biochar, microbe, and hyperaccumulator for sustainable remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2023.100734","article-title":"Response of rare and abundant rhizosphere microbial communities to inoculated rhizobium in cadmium-contaminated soil phytoremediation","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of the quality research progress of Forsythiae fructus from different producing areas","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Northwest. Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110342","article-title":"Cadmium and lead mixtures are less toxic to the Chinese medicinal plant Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort than either metal alone","volume":"193","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139540","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of Rice-Solanum nigrum L. rotation system inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil","volume":"496","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-020-02302-4","article-title":"Effects of the novel HPPD-inhibitor herbicide QYM201 on enzyme activity and microorganisms, and its degradation in soil","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180874","article-title":"Synergistic cadmium immobilization in agricultural soil via tea waste-amended microbial carbonate precipitation using a dual-strain bacterial consortium","volume":"1005","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326007967?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326007967?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T20:30:43Z","timestamp":1786221043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326007967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0147651326007967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synergistic effects of Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Bacillus subtilis on cadmium accumulation in Forsythia suspensa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120467","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120467"}}