{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T04:21:39Z","timestamp":1793766099226,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015737","name":"European Marine Biological Resource Centre Belgium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:15:33Z","timestamp":1784812533000},"page":"120532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of a pristine versus gastric acid-treated low-density polyethylene in a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"322","author":[{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Tejeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly D.","family":"Saenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1587-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margo S.","family":"Witters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Marchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacco J.","family":"Bried\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3146-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank G.A.J.","family":"Van Belleghem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Smeets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126955","article-title":"Weathering pathways and protocols for environmentally relevant microplastics and nanoplastics: what are we missing?","volume":"423","author":"Alimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581820938335","article-title":"Interference: a much-neglected aspect in high-throughput screening of nanoparticles","volume":"39","author":"Andraos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140856.tx2006s47","article-title":"Caco-2 cells as a model for intestinal absorption","volume":"47","author":"Angelis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Toxicol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1215233","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics\u2014Mitochondrial fission and fusion in human diseases","volume":"369","author":"Archer","year":"2013","journal-title":"New. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142518","article-title":"Micro- and nanoplastic induced cellular toxicity in mammals: a review","volume":"755","author":"Banerjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib6","series-title":"World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation (Second Edition)","first-page":"305","article-title":"Chapter 17\u2014Macroplastics Pollution in the Marine Environment. In","author":"Barboza","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047","article-title":"Marine microplastic debris: an emerging issue for food security, food safety, and human health","volume":"133","author":"Barboza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EM00495F","article-title":"Surface properties and rising velocities of pristine and weathered plastic pellets","volume":"24","author":"Bond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106921","article-title":"Tiered testing of micro- and nanoplastics using intestinal in vitro models to support hazard assessments","volume":"158","author":"Bredeck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-214-44093","article-title":"The influence of culture time and passage number on the morphological and physiological development of Caco-2 cells","volume":"214","author":"Briske-Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3923\/ijbc.2015.92.109","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"9","author":"Chikezie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109743","article-title":"Tissue-specific distribution of microplastics in human blood and carotid plaques: a paired sample analysis","volume":"203","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165076","article-title":"The emerging role of microplastics in systemic toxicity: involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS)","volume":"895","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib14","first-page":"21","article-title":"Detection and characterisation of radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping and related methods","volume":"109","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Curr. Methods Unravel React. Oxyg. Species (ROS) Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2021.110840","article-title":"Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: From current developments in synthetic strategies towards applications","volume":"161","author":"De Vos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118320","article-title":"ROS-mediated photoaging pathways of nano- and micro-plastic particles under UV irradiation","volume":"216","author":"Duan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97006","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10873","article-title":"Uptake, transport, and toxicity of pristine and weathered micro- and nanoplastics in human placenta cells","volume":"130","author":"Dusza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib18","unstructured":"EFSA\u2019s Scientific Committee promotes alternatives to animal testing | EFSA. (2009, June 8). https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/news\/efsas-scientific-committee-promotes-alternatives-animal-testing."},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81166","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-23382-1","article-title":"Environmental risk, toxicity, and biodegradation of polyethylene: A review","volume":"29","author":"El-Sherif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib20","first-page":"287","article-title":"Plastic properties for packaging materials","volume":"1","author":"Emblem","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulation (EC) No 1907\/2006 (REACH)","volume":"L396","author":"European Parliament & Council of the European Union","year":"2006","journal-title":"Off. J. Eur. Union."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124971","article-title":"Deciphering the cytotoxicity of micro- and nanoplastics in Caco-2 cells through meta-analysis and machine learning","volume":"362","author":"Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.04688204","article-title":"Average protein density is a molecular-weight-dependent function","volume":"13","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Protein Science A Publication Protein Society"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104610118","article-title":"Microplastics destabilize lipid membranes by mechanical stretching","volume":"118","author":"Fleury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125632","article-title":"Microplastics in the human digestive environment: A focus on the potential and challenges facing in vitro gut model development","volume":"415","author":"Fournier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.130010","article-title":"Microplastics: What happens in the human digestive tract? First evidences in adults using in vitro gut models","volume":"442","author":"Fournier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20238","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05803","article-title":"Oxidative roles of polystyrene-based nanoplastics in inducing manganese oxide formation under light illumination","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156089","article-title":"Evaluation of potential toxicity of polyethylene microplastics on human derived cell lines","volume":"838","author":"Gautam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782","article-title":"Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made","volume":"3","author":"Geyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34136","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03453","article-title":"Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Goodman","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9418(01)00124-6","article-title":"Polyethylene characterization by FTIR","volume":"21","author":"Gulmine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05297","article-title":"Are We Speaking the Same Language? Recommendations for a Definition and Categorization Framework for Plastic Debris","volume":"53","author":"Hartmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-020-00387-7","article-title":"Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: A review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Hirt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10080414","article-title":"Preliminary Findings of the High Quantity of Microplastics in Faeces of Hong Kong Residents","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101620","article-title":"Micro- and nano-plastics activation of oxidative and inflammatory adverse outcome pathways","volume":"37","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-56056-9","article-title":"Electrophoresis characterization of nanoplastic particle surface charge in dilute aqueous electrolytes\u2014Jui-Yen Lin, Ingyu Lee, Cuijuan Feng, Hyunook Kim, Chin-Pao Huang, 2024","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"The microbiome: Composition and locations","volume":"176","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Progress. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib38","author":"Kershaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sources fate Eff. Micro Mar. Environ. Part. 2 a Glob. Assess. Rep. Stud. -IMO\/FAO\/UNESCO-IOC\/WMO\/IAEA\/UN\/UNEP Jt. Group. Experts Sci. Asp. Mar. Environ. Prot. (GESAMP) Eng. No. 93"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194970","article-title":"Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt","volume":"13","author":"Kosuth","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157108","article-title":"Digestion of plastics using in vitro human gastrointestinal tract and their potential to adsorb emerging organic pollutants","volume":"843","author":"Krasucka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15112523","article-title":"Caco-2 cell line standardization with pharmaceutical requirements and in vitro model suitability for permeability assays","volume":"15","author":"Kus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101995","article-title":"The Complex Interplay between Mitochondria, ROS and Entire Cellular Metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12100897","article-title":"Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Mitochondria","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1021\/envhealth.3c00052","article-title":"Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. & Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2013.843025","article-title":"Non-pollen particulates in honey and sugar","volume":"30","author":"Liebezeit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Addit. & Contam. Part. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.132000","article-title":"The surface acidity of freshly synthesized microplastics particles in simple electrolyte","volume":"675","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.174023","article-title":"The influence of digestive tract protein on cytotoxicity of polyvinyl chloride microplastics","volume":"945","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3390\/su17030986","article-title":"Characterization of the municipal plastic and multilayer packaging waste in three cities of the Baltic States","volume":"17","author":"Lyshtva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib49","series-title":"Plastic Films in Food Packaging","first-page":"1","article-title":"1\u2014Introduction to Use of Plastics in Food Packaging","author":"McKeen","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33393-8","article-title":"Polypropylene microplastics promote metastatic features in human breast cancer","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.114423","article-title":"Influence of artificial digestion on characteristics and intestinal cellular effects of micro-, submicro- and nanoplastics","volume":"184","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173173","article-title":"vitro digestion of microplastics in human digestive system: Insights into particle morphological changes and chemical leaching","volume":"934","author":"Prabhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134455","article-title":"Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects","volume":"702","author":"Prata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.060","article-title":"A new approach for routine quantification of microplastics using Nile Red and automated software (MP-VAT)","volume":"690","author":"Prata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.229","article-title":"Macro- and micro- plastics in soil-plant system: Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth","volume":"645","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s43591-025-00129-6","article-title":"Microplastics in human feces: A pilot study exploring links with dietary habits","volume":"5","author":"Refosco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Micro Nanoplastics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.03.052","article-title":"Enhanced adherence of mouse fibroblast and vascular cells to plasma modified polyethylene","volume":"52","author":"Reznickova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Materials Science Engineering C"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030739","article-title":"Polystyrene Microplastics of Varying Sizes and Shapes Induce Distinct Redox and Mitochondrial Stress Responses in a Caco-2 Monolayer","volume":"12","author":"Saenen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(97)00002-7","article-title":"Methodology for demonstrating and measuring the photocytotoxicity of fluoranthene to fish cells in culture","volume":"11","author":"Schirmer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicol. Vitro"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5372","article-title":"Nylon\u2014A material introduction and overview for biomedical applications","volume":"32","author":"Shakiba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib61","series-title":"Handbook of Recycling","first-page":"179","article-title":"Chapter 13\u2014Plastic Recycling. In","author":"Shen","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125168","article-title":"Microplastics in stools and their influencing factors among young adults from three cities in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"364","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02478-7","article-title":"Uptake and effects of orally ingested polystyrene microplastic particles in vitro and in vivo","volume":"93","author":"Stock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170104","article-title":"Mitochondrial dynamics: Overview of molecular mechanisms","volume":"62","author":"Tilokani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9515","DOI":"10.3390\/su16219515","article-title":"The factors influencing the recycling of plastic and composite packaging waste","volume":"16","author":"Torkelis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2017.03.001","article-title":"A simple ImageJ macro tool for analyzing mitochondrial network morphology in mammalian cell culture","volume":"119","author":"Valente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128955","article-title":"Pristine and artificially-aged polystyrene microplastic particles differ in regard to cellular response","volume":"435","author":"V\u00f6lkl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib68","article-title":"Sorption of selected pharmaceutical compounds on polyethylene microplastics: Roles of pH, aging, and competitive sorption","volume":"307","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109612","article-title":"Environmental occurrences, fate, and impacts of microplastics","volume":"184","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07035","article-title":"Photo-oxidation of micro- and nanoplastics: Physical, chemical, and biological effects in environments","volume":"58","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. & Technol."},{"issue":"6098","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219855","article-title":"Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress","volume":"337","author":"Youle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116554","article-title":"Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review","volume":"274","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.059790","article-title":"The added diagnostic value of liquid gastric emptying compared with solid emptying alone","volume":"50","author":"Ziessman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326008626?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326008626?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1786221511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326008626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0147651326008626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of a pristine versus gastric acid-treated low-density polyethylene in a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120532","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120532"}}