{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T15:28:54Z","timestamp":1793633334863,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008126","name":"Jeju National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00270936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00270936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-NR076362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-NR076362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:09:33Z","timestamp":1791367773000},"page":"120879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Melatonin protects keratinocytes from diesel-derived PM2.5-induced damage by suppressing JNK\/p38 MAPK signaling and caspase activation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Mei Jing","family":"Piao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Ah","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herath Mudiyanselage Maheshika Madhuwanthi","family":"Senavirathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahadurage Pasindu Laksara","family":"Madhuwantha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eui Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mee Jung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ree","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Won","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-026-00736-z","article-title":"Impact of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on cellular functions and role of natural products as modulators","volume":"15","author":"Abd-Elmawla","year":"2026","journal-title":"Beni Suef Univ. J. Basic. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01324-w","article-title":"Melatonin and health: insights of melatonin action, biological functions, and associated disorders","volume":"43","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12292","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC04736A","article-title":"situ detection of reactive oxygen species spontaneously generated on lead acid battery anodes: a pathway for degradation and self-discharge at open circuit","volume":"14","author":"Asserghine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030532","article-title":"Melatonin and related compounds: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions","volume":"11","author":"Bantounou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031373","article-title":"Topical melatonin exerts immunomodulatory effect and improves dermatitis severity in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.117346","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates high-fat diet- and particulate matter-induced cardiac injury: involvement of mitochondrial quality and miR-221\/222 expression","volume":"242","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03213A","article-title":"Plant-derived melatonin from food: a gift of nature","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2021-0027","article-title":"Melatonin as a powerful antioxidant","volume":"71","author":"Chrustek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib9","article-title":"Protective effects of melatonin against the toxic effects of environmental pollutants and heavy metals on testicular tissue: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies","volume":"14","author":"Dehdari Ebrahimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.150186","article-title":"Resveratrol mediated the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by modulating the PI3K\/Akt\/P53 signaling pathway","volume":"723","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19193","article-title":"Air pollution and global healthcare use for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Fadadu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2022-0252","article-title":"Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) - a review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Fazakas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13244","article-title":"Protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress-mediated cell injury via enhancing antioxidant systems","volume":"30","author":"Fernando","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040857","article-title":"The JNK signaling pathway in inflammatory skin disorders and cancer","volume":"9","author":"Hammouda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2024.11.002","article-title":"Activation of mixed lineage kinase 3 by fine particulate matter induces skin inflammation in human keratinocytes","volume":"402","author":"Koo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103922","article-title":"5-Methoxytryptophan attenuates hypobaric hypoxia induced acute lung injury by alleviating lipid peroxidation via targeting peroxiredoxin 6","volume":"88","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S109062","article-title":"Eupafolin nanoparticles protect HaCaT keratinocytes from particulate matter-induced inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040439","article-title":"Antioxidant actions of melatonin: a systematic review of animal studies","volume":"13","author":"Monteiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13221838","article-title":"Apoptosis: A comprehensive overview of signaling pathways, morphological changes, and physiological significance and therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Mustafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.11.044","article-title":"Cell death","volume":"187","author":"Newton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000011556","article-title":"Protective effects of melatonin against PM2.5-induced lung damage","volume":"37","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9888","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25189888","article-title":"Particulate matter and its molecular effects on skin: implications for various skin diseases","volume":"25","author":"Paik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35398-0","article-title":"Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2197-9","article-title":"Particulate matter 2.5 damages skin cells by inducing oxidative stress, subcellular organelle dysfunction, and apoptosis","volume":"92","author":"Piao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.93034","article-title":"Protective effect of fermented sea tangle extract on skin cell damage caused by particulate matter","volume":"21","author":"Piao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10036","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SC01553C","article-title":"Real-time investigation of reactive oxygen species and radicals evolved from operating Fe-N-C electrocatalysts during the ORR: potential dependence, impact on degradation, and structural comparisons","volume":"15","author":"Putnam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2024.11.025","article-title":"Pollution, a relevant exposome factor in skin aging and the role of multi-benefit photoprotection","volume":"116","author":"Santamaria","year":"2025","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2005.10.056","article-title":"JNK signaling pathway is a key modulator in cell death mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species","volume":"40","author":"Shen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2024.10.044","article-title":"The ribotoxic stress response drives acute inflammation, cell death, and epidermal thickening in UV-irradiated skin in vivo","volume":"84","author":"Vind","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S402122","article-title":"The effects and pathogenesis of PM2.5 and its components on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.02.004","article-title":"Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) promotes IgE-mediated mast cell activation through ROS\/Gadd45b\/JNK axis","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-026-00632-2","article-title":"Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins: from regulatory networks to therapeutic targeting","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101444","article-title":"Stress relief techniques: p38 MAPK determines the balance of cell cycle and apoptosis pathways","volume":"11","author":"Whitaker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7021","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087021","article-title":"The role of mast cells in the induction and maintenance of inflammation in selected skin diseases","volume":"24","author":"Wo\u017aniak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072346","article-title":"Understanding MAPK signaling pathways in apoptosis","volume":"21","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290257","article-title":"Activation and signaling of the p38 MAP kinase pathway","volume":"15","author":"Zarubin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123200","article-title":"Melatonin protects against particulate matter-induced ovarian dysfunction by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to alleviate ferroptosis","volume":"359","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a022145","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022145","article-title":"TGF-beta family signaling in the control of cell proliferation and survival","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120984225","article-title":"FOXM1 regulates the proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory response of keratinocytes through the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115717","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates particulate matter-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting ROS-mediated mitophagy and inflammation via Nrf2 activation","volume":"268","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326012091?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326012091?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T14:53:53Z","timestamp":1793631233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326012091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0147651326012091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Melatonin protects keratinocytes from diesel-derived PM2.5-induced damage by suppressing JNK\/p38 MAPK signaling and caspase activation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120879","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120879"}}