{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T15:28:57Z","timestamp":1793633337040,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:44:57Z","timestamp":1792611897000},"page":"120946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Benzene metabolite catechol promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via regulating NF-\u03baB signaling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Zongtang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linpei","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoou","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conghui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0339317","article-title":"Computational screening of natural inhibitors against Plasmodium falciparum kinases: toward novel antimalarial therapies","volume":"21","author":"Alruwaili","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.06.043","article-title":"UCell: robust and scalable single-cell gene signature scoring","volume":"19","author":"Andreatta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060485","article-title":"NF-\u03baB as an inducible regulator of inflammation in the central nervous system","volume":"13","author":"Anilkumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20500","article-title":"The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: an oxidative DNA damage pathway","volume":"50","author":"Barreto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02790-2","article-title":"Inflammatory aspects of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"148","author":"Botella Lucena","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib6","article-title":"Scalable algorithms for molecular dynamics simulations on commodity clusters","author":"Bowers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. 2006 ACM\/IEEE Conf. Supercomput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041918","article-title":"Inhibition of astroglial nuclear factor kappaB reduces inflammation and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"202","author":"Brambilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06190.x","article-title":"Transgenic inhibition of astroglial NF-kappa B leads to increased axonal sparing and sprouting following spinal cord injury","volume":"110","author":"Brambilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.140946","article-title":"RAD51 m6A and PARylation modification orchestrate benzene-induced haematological toxicity","volume":"501","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071417","article-title":"The Neuroprotection of Verbascoside in Alzheimer's Disease Mediated through Mitigation of Neuroinflammation via Blocking NF-\u03baB-p65 Signaling","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124217","article-title":"Associations between ambient exposure to styrene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes and hospitalizations in the US Gulf region","volume":"298","author":"Choi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2026.109231","article-title":"Benzene-induced growth restriction and compensatory rebound in mouse fetuses and placentas","volume":"142","author":"Cull","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109360364","article-title":"Catechol cytotoxicity in vitro: induction of glioblastoma cell death by apoptosis","volume":"29","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27062742","article-title":"Adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms of dysregulation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"D\u0119biec","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbae243","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae243","article-title":"irGSEA: the integration of single-cell rank-based gene set enrichment analysis","volume":"25","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4955","article-title":"Benzene exposure is associated with epigenetic changes (Review)","volume":"13","author":"Fenga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.125.047372","article-title":"Exposure to volatile organic compounds and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Goodarzi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(81)90047-8","article-title":"Relationship between benzene toxicity and the disposition of 14C-labelled benzene metabolites in the rat","volume":"33","author":"Greenlee","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9824","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b01220","article-title":"The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Score","volume":"62","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib20","series-title":"WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants","article-title":"Benzene","author":"Harrison","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6286","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","article-title":"Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models","volume":"352","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8693","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4341","article-title":"Identification of novel subtypes based on ssGSEA in immune-related prognostic signature for tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.12.010","article-title":"Analysis of hydroquinone and catechol in peripheral blood of benzene-exposed workers","volume":"184","author":"Kerzic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s44284-024-00156-z","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient benzene and brain disorders among urban adults","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cities"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbad487","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad487","article-title":"Integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomes reveal pyroptotic signature in prognosis and therapeutic options of hepatocellular carcinoma by combining deep learning","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119434","article-title":"Regional differences in health exposure risk of indoor benzene series and safety threshold determination for the Chinese population","volume":"307","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04092-9","article-title":"Cross-platform comparison of immune signatures in immunotherapy-treated patients with advanced melanoma using a rank-based scoring approach","volume":"21","author":"Mao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401837","article-title":"Roles for NF-kappaB in nerve cell survival, plasticity, and disease","volume":"13","author":"Mattson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Death Differ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib30","first-page":"158","article-title":"Expression of nuclear factor kappaB and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the mouse brain after experimental thermal ablation injury","volume":"48","author":"Nomoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib31","article-title":"Toxicological effects of volatile organic compounds are mediated by aggravated oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory processes in piglets","volume":"16","author":"Nwulia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2026.110806","article-title":"1,4-benzoquinone triggers pyroptosis and contributes to haematotoxicity via regulating the NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/GSDMD pathway","volume":"780","author":"Qin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00616-5","article-title":"NF-\u03baB is a critical mediator of post-mitotic senescence in oligodendrocytes and subsequent white matter loss","volume":"18","author":"Schlett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3390\/life14040422","article-title":"Vitro evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of 3,3-disubstituted-3H-benzofuran-2-one derivatives in a cellular model of neurodegeneration","volume":"14","author":"Scibetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8972","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168972","article-title":"The pivotal role of NF-kB in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211798357863","article-title":"Modulation of mast cell and basophil functions by benzene metabolites","volume":"17","author":"Triggiani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29552-6","article-title":"Microglial NF-\u03baB drives tau spreading and toxicity in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02879-7","article-title":"H3K18 lactylation of senescent microglia potentiates brain aging and Alzheimer's disease through the NF\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"20","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14936","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06055","article-title":"Improving Insights on Air Pollutant Mixtures and Their Origins by Enhancing Local Monitoring in an Area of Intensive Resource Development","volume":"54","author":"Wren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147956","article-title":"Compositions, sources, and potential health risks of volatile organic compounds in the heavily polluted rural North China Plain during the heating season","volume":"789","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153932","article-title":"Mutual regulation between histone methyltransferase Suv39h1 and the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exposed to hydroquinone","volume":"508","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126379","article-title":"Ferroptosis is involved in the benzene-induced hematotoxicity via mitochondrial ROS-ferritinophagy pathway","volume":"376","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120130","article-title":"ATF3 links endoplasmic reticulum stress to ferroptosis via transcriptional activation of ALOX12 in benzene-induced hematotoxicity","volume":"316","author":"Zeng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."}],"container-title":["Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326012765?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0147651326012765?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T14:53:05Z","timestamp":1793631185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0147651326012765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0147651326012765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-6513"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-6513","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Benzene metabolite catechol promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via regulating NF-\u03baB signaling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2026.120946","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120946"}}