{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1792907212152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EE-12-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EE-12-2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2020-EE-2014-2-RIA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-EE-2014-2-RIA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41471466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41471466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51421065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51421065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002726","name":"Beijing Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002726","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Indicators"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,22]],"date-time":"2016-05-22T05:24:38Z","timestamp":1463894678000},"page":"13-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Life cycle assessment indicators of urban wastewater and sewage sludge treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Elvira","family":"Buonocore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Mellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ulgiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2014.940389","article-title":"Characteristics of direct CO2 emissions in four full-scale wastewater treatment plants","volume":"54","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.06.048","article-title":"Evaluation of new alternatives in wastewater treatment plants based on dynamic modelling and life cycle assessment (DM-LCA)","volume":"84","author":"Bisinella de Faria","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.09.021","article-title":"On boundaries and \u2018investments\u2019 in Emergy Synthesis and LCA: A case study on thermal vs photovoltaic electricity","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2011.07.032","article-title":"Assessing the environmental performance and sustainability of bioenergy production in Sweden: a life cycle assessment perspective","volume":"37","author":"Buonocore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.09.135","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of two emerging sewage sludge-to-energy systems: evaluating energy and greenhouse gas emissions implications","volume":"127","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0030","first-page":"879","volume":"2","author":"Roux","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0035","series-title":"Sick Water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, UN-HABITAT","author":"Corcoran","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.06.049","article-title":"Life cycle assessment applied to wastewater treatment State of the art","volume":"47","author":"Corominas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0045","first-page":"11191","article-title":"N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels","volume":"7","author":"Crutzen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2013.109","article-title":"Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from municipal wastewater treatment \u2212results from a long-term study","volume":"67","author":"Daelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.08.044","article-title":"A review on eco-city evaluation methods and highlights for integration","volume":"60","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0060","unstructured":"EPA, 2010. Guide to Purchasing Green Power Renewable Electricity, Renewable Energy Certificates, and On-Site Renewable Generation. ISBN: 1\u201356973-577-8."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0065","first-page":"79","article-title":"Cropping bioenergy and biomaterials in marginal land: the added value of the biorefinery concept","volume":"37","author":"Fahd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.11.043","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of Brassica carinata biomass conversion to bioenergy and platform chemicals","volume":"66","author":"Fiorentino","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0075","unstructured":"GWRC\u2014Global Water Research Coalition, 2011. N2O and CH4 emission from wastewater collection and treatment systems Technical Report."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1021\/es9010515","article-title":"A new planning and design paradigm to achieve sustainable resource recovery from wastewater","volume":"43","author":"Guest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.09.055","article-title":"Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of poplar and willow short-rotation coppice used as vegetation filter","volume":"99","author":"Guidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978602","article-title":"Environmental performance of a municipal wastewater treatment plant","volume":"9","author":"Hospido","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1065\/lca2005.05.210","article-title":"Environmental evaluation of different treatment processes for sludge from urban wastewater Treatments: anaerobic digestion versus thermal processes","volume":"10","author":"Hospido","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J Life Cycle Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2004.02.022","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of processes for the treatment of wastewater urban sludge: energy and global warming analysis","volume":"13","author":"Houillon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0105","unstructured":"ILCD, International Reference Life Cycle Data System, Handbook, 2012. Towards more sustainable production and consumption for a resource-efficient Europe. Joint Research Centre, European Commission, EC-JRC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0110","unstructured":"IPCC\u2014Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Chapter 6: Wastewater Treatment and Discharge."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0115","unstructured":"ISO 14040, International Standard, 2006. Environmental management-life cycle assessment-principles and framework. Geneva, Switzerland : International Organization for Standardization, www.iso.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0120","unstructured":"ISO 14044, International Standard, 2006. Environmental management-lifecycle assessment-requirements and guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland : International Organization for Standardization, www.iso.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0125","series-title":"Life Cycle Inventories of Bioenergy. Ecoinvent Report n\u00b017","author":"Jungubluth","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X14538308","article-title":"Anaerobic digestion and gasification coupling for wastewater sludge treatment and recovery","volume":"32","author":"Lacroix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Waste Manage. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2007.497","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment options for small and decentralized communities","volume":"56","author":"Machado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.01.010","article-title":"Indicators to support environmental sustainability of bioenergy systems","volume":"11","author":"McBride","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0145","series-title":"OECD Studies on Water","article-title":"Water quality and agriculture ?meeting the policy challenge","author":"OECD","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1021\/es802056r","article-title":"LCA as a decision support tool for the environmental improvement of the operation of a municipal wastewater treatment plant","volume":"43","author":"Pasqualino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"B4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1205\/psep.05169","article-title":"Life Cycle Assessmeny (LCA) applied to the design of an innovative drying process for sewage sludge","volume":"84","author":"Peregrina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans IChemE, Part B, Process Saf. Environ. Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0160","first-page":"01","article-title":"Life cycle assessment part 1: framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications","volume":"7","author":"Rebitzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0165","first-page":"347","article-title":"Recycling waste cooking oil into biodiesel: a life cycle assessment","volume":"10","author":"Ripa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Perform. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2012.06.010","article-title":"A methodology to estimate greenhouse gases emissions in Life Cycle Inventories of wastewater treatment plants","volume":"37","author":"Rodriguez-Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Env. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2014.04.026","article-title":"Systems ecological accounting for wastewater treatment engineering Method, indicator and application","volume":"47","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.09.040","article-title":"Normalisation in product life cycle assessment: an LCA of the global and European economic systems in the year 2000","volume":"390","author":"Sleeswijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3390\/w3020702","article-title":"Sustainable and innovative solutions for sewage sludge management","volume":"3","author":"Spinosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0190","unstructured":"UNWATER, 2016. World Water Development Report. UN Water and Jobs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.01.026","article-title":"Comparative LCA of sewage sludge valorisation as both fuel and raw material substitute in clinker production","volume":"51","author":"Valderrama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201000423","article-title":"Assessing environmental impacts of wastewater treatment alternatives for small-scale communities","volume":"40","author":"Yildirim","year":"2012","journal-title":"CLEAN Soil Air Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.05.060","article-title":"Towards more accurate life cycle assessment of biological wastewater treatment plants: a review","volume":"107","author":"Zang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."}],"container-title":["Ecological Indicators"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1470160X16302291?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1470160X16302291?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T03:37:38Z","timestamp":1761449858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1470160X16302291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1470160X16302291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-160X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-160X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Life cycle assessment indicators of urban wastewater and sewage sludge treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecological Indicators","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.04.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}