{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:20:56Z","timestamp":1740136856967,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484611200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":261,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"USDA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014S1A3A2044459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014S1A3A2044459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Economics & Human Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T17:48:25Z","timestamp":1451584105000},"page":"64-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Middle school transition and body weight outcomes: Evidence from Arkansas Public Schoolchildren"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Rodolfo M.","family":"Nayga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/00220679809597572","article-title":"Achievement loss associated with the transition to middle school and high school","volume":"92","author":"Alspaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2013.05.001","article-title":"The effect of fast-food restaurants on childhood obesity: A school level analysis","volume":"12","author":"Alviola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Economics & Human Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2013.06.001","article-title":"The effect of school district nutrition policies on dietary intake and overweight: a synthetic control approach","volume":"12","author":"Bauhoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.XL.3.660","article-title":"Are middle schools more effective? The impact of school structure on student outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Bedard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2012.05.001","article-title":"Early education and health outcomes of a 2001 U.S. Birth Cohort","volume":"11","author":"Belfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00533.x","article-title":"The validity of depressive disorder in childhood and the development of a self-rating scale: a research report","volume":"22","author":"Birleson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/0268093042000227465","article-title":"Determinants of school choice: understanding how parents choose elementary schools in Alberta","volume":"19","author":"Bosetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Educ. Policy"},{"year":"1969","series-title":"Attachment and Loss","author":"Bowlby","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0040"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.059","article-title":"School food environments and practices affect dietary behaviors of US public school children","volume":"109","author":"Briefel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"year":"1978","series-title":"Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Depression in Women","author":"Brown","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0050"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1086\/520693","article-title":"Comparing achievement between K-8 and middle schools: a large-scale empirical study","volume":"114","author":"Byrnes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Educ."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2180-JMS1106-6-1","article-title":"The impact of public schools on childhood obesity","volume":"288","author":"Carter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"year":"2015","series-title":"About BMI for Children and Teens","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0295"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.20309","article-title":"The negative impacts of starting middle school in sixth grade","volume":"27","author":"Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Policy Anal. Manage."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0075","first-page":"A74","article-title":"Effect of school district policy change on consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among high school students, Boston, Massachusetts, 2004\u20132006","volume":"8","author":"Cradock","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0080","first-page":"26","article-title":"Middleschoolosaurus Rex: is the middle school becoming extinct?","volume":"7","author":"Elovitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Principal Leadership"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.065","article-title":"Association between school food environment and practices and body mass index of US public school children","volume":"109","author":"Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.063","article-title":"Availability and consumption of competitive foods in US public schools","volume":"109","author":"Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0095","series-title":"Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April 13\u201317, 1998","article-title":"School quality and social stratification: the determinants and consequences of parental school choice","author":"Glazerman","year":"1998"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.e83","article-title":"Determinants of adolescent physical activity and inactivity patterns","volume":"105","author":"Gordon-Larsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.07.006","article-title":"Longitudinal physical activity and sedentary behavior trends: adolescence to adulthood","volume":"27","author":"Gordon-Larsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2994","article-title":"Gender differences in physiologic markers and health behaviors associated with childhood obesity","volume":"132","author":"Govindan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.05.002","article-title":"Peer effects on obesity in a sample of European children","volume":"18","author":"Gwozdz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2008.123.4.1373","article-title":"Information, school choice, and academic achievement: evidence from two experiments","volume":"123","author":"Hastings","year":"2008","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03327463","article-title":"Body image in middle school children","volume":"7","author":"Hausenblas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eating Weight Disord. - Stud. Anorexia Bulimia Obes."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01326624","article-title":"Sixth grade transition groups: an approach to primary prevention","volume":"10","author":"Hellem","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Primary Prev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.5.535","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported activity and sedentary behaviors among 4th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade Texas public schoolchildren: the school physical activity and nutrition study","volume":"6","author":"Hoelscher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Activity Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0140","first-page":"10","article-title":"The rise of the \u2018Elemiddle\u2019 school","volume":"62","author":"Hough","year":"2005","journal-title":"School Administrator"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2307\/2951620","article-title":"Identification and the estimation of local average treatment effects","volume":"62","author":"Imbens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0300","series-title":"The Hamilton Project Discussion Paper 2011-08","article-title":"Organizing schools to improve student achievement: start times grade configurations, and teacher assignments","author":"Jacob","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.07.015","article-title":"Sports participation and physical education in American secondary schools: current levels and racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities","volume":"33","author":"Johnston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2007.00255.x","article-title":"Lessons learned while implementing a legislated school policy: body mass index assessments among Arkansas's public school students","volume":"77","author":"Justus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. School Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2013.839934","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of students\u2019 reasons for nonsuiting and support of policy change at one urban middle school","volume":"84","author":"Kahan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exercise Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12148","article-title":"Shared use of school facilities with community organizations and afterschool physical activity program participation: a cost-benefit assessment","volume":"84","author":"Kanters","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. School Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2013.05.003","article-title":"Obesogenic environmental influences on young adults: evidence from college dormitory assignments","volume":"12","author":"Kapinos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003277","article-title":"Decline in physical activity in black girls and white girls during adolescence","volume":"347","author":"Kimm","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.10.013","article-title":"School and district wellness councils and availability of low-nutrient, energy-dense vending fare in Minnesota middle and high schools","volume":"111","author":"Kubik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0190","unstructured":"Mancino, L., Todd, J.E., Guthrie, J., Lin, B.-H., 2010. How Food Away from Home Affects Children's Diet Quality. USDA Economic Research Service, ERR-104, Washington, DC."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2000.10608905","article-title":"Student activity levels, lesson context, and teacher behavior during middle school physical education","volume":"71","author":"McKenzie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exercise Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2014.11.001","article-title":"Does health education affect BMI? Evidence from a school-based randomised-control trial","volume":"17","author":"Mora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011\u20132012","volume":"311","author":"Ogden","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0210","first-page":"67","article-title":"I hate Phys. Ed.: adolescent girls talk about physical education","volume":"59","author":"Olafson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Educator"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0215","first-page":"6","article-title":"Revival of the K-8 school","volume":"59","author":"Pardini","year":"2002","journal-title":"School Administrator"},{"issue":"11 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S526","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199911001-00007","article-title":"Levels of physical activity and inactivity in children and adults in the United States: current evidence and research issues","volume":"31","author":"Pratt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00098650209604949","article-title":"Middle school models","volume":"76","author":"Reising","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clearing House"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20311","article-title":"Gender comparisons of perceived benefits of and barriers to physical activity in middle school youth","volume":"32","author":"Robbins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res. Nurs. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.06.017","article-title":"Stuck in the middle: impacts of grade configuration in public schools","volume":"94","author":"Rockoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Public Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198113485753","article-title":"Psychosocial correlates of physical and sedentary activities in early adolescent youth","volume":"41","author":"Rusby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2012.00696.x","article-title":"Strength and comprehensiveness of district school wellness policies predict policy implementation at the school level","volume":"82","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. School Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2012.10.002","article-title":"The impact of alternative grade configurations on student outcomes through middle school and high school","volume":"97","author":"Schwerdt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Public Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1994.1059","article-title":"Observed levels of elementary and middle school children\u2032s physical activity during physical education classes","volume":"23","author":"Simons-Morton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.03.014","article-title":"School-based opportunities for physical activity in West Virginia public schools","volume":"39","author":"Tompkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0265","unstructured":"US Government Accountability Office, 2005. School Meal Programs: Competitive Foods are Widely Available and Generate Substantial Revenues for Schools. Report to Congressional Requestors, GAO-05-563, Washington, DC."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198105282443","article-title":"Listening to girls and boys talk about girls\u2019 physical activity behaviors","volume":"33","author":"Vu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm007","article-title":"The obesity epidemic in the United States\u2014gender, age, socioeconomic, racial\/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2501","article-title":"Stress and pediatric obesity: what we know and where to go","volume":"30","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2010.12.002","article-title":"Peer effects and the Freshman 15: evidence from a natural experiment","volume":"9","author":"Yakusheva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."}],"container-title":["Economics & Human Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1570677X15001112?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1570677X15001112?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:01:17Z","timestamp":1712534477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1570677X15001112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S1570677X15001112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1570-677X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1570-677X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Middle school transition and body weight outcomes: Evidence from Arkansas Public Schoolchildren","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Economics & Human Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ehb.2015.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}