{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:06:09Z","timestamp":1776114369640,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T20:20:27Z","timestamp":1372710027000},"page":"692-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Neumon\u00eda nosocomial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Emili","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mart\u00edn-Loeches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vall\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0005","unstructured":"Estudio de prevalencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en Espa\u00f1a 2011 (EPINE). Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Medicina Preventiva, Salud P\u00fablica e Higiene; 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.1.213","article-title":"Multicenter study of hospital-acquired pneumonia in non-ICU patients","volume":"127","author":"Sopena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000089928.84326.D2","article-title":"Pneumonia in the intensive care unit","volume":"31","author":"Rello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00002","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients","volume":"129","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0030","series-title":"Estudio Nacional de Vigilancia de Infecci\u00f3n Nosocomial en Servicios de Medicina Intensiva. Informe 2012","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0035","first-page":"625","article-title":"Contaminated condensate in mechanical ventilator circuits. A risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia?","volume":"129","author":"Craven","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0040","first-page":"493","article-title":"The relationship between frequency of ventilator circuit changes and infectious hazard","volume":"118","author":"Lareau","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(90)90022-G","article-title":"Bacterial contamination and frequency of changing ventilator circuitry","volume":"15","author":"Cadwallader","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1053\/jcrc.2002.35814","article-title":"Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Current practice in Canadian intensive care units","volume":"17","author":"Heyland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03808.x","article-title":"A care bundle approach for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"19","author":"Rello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2008-4","article-title":"A 7-year study of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia requiring ICU admission","volume":"29","author":"Vall\u00e9s","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-660","article-title":"Legionella spp. and legionellosis in southeastern Italy: Disease epidemiology and environmental surveillance in community and health care facilities","volume":"10","author":"Napoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit176","article-title":"First outbreak of nosocomial Legionella infection in term neonates caused by a cold mist ultrasonic humidifier","volume":"57","author":"Yiallouros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.11.028","article-title":"Extensive nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis in a low-incidence country","volume":"83","author":"Jonsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"Supl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1157\/13091217","article-title":"Neumon\u00eda nosocomial en el enfermo no intubado","volume":"23","author":"Sopena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2420","article-title":"Technologic advances in endotraqueal tubes for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"142","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a037ac","article-title":"Spectrum of practice in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in European intensive care units","volume":"37","author":"Koulenti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1086\/653053","article-title":"Microbial etiologies of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia","volume":"51","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1210","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment patterns among patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"129","author":"Kollef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000277042.31524.66","article-title":"Bacteremia in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with increased mortality: a study comparing bacteremic vs nonbacteremic ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"35","author":"Agbaht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.7.805","article-title":"Silver-coated endotracheal tubes and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: The NASCENT randomized trial","volume":"300","author":"Kollef","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2010.03.004","article-title":"Neumon\u00eda asociada a la ventilaci\u00f3n mec\u00e1nica","volume":"34","author":"Diaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Intensiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.2.458","article-title":"The radiologic diagnosis of autopsy proven ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"101","author":"Wunderink","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.5_Pt_1.1121","article-title":"Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic \u00abblind\u00bb bronchoaleolar lavage fluid","volume":"143","author":"Pugin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000204033.78125.1b","article-title":"The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in trauma patients","volume":"60","author":"Croce","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000055380.86458.1E","article-title":"Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome","volume":"31","author":"Luna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0140","unstructured":"Estudio nacional de Vigilancia de Infecci\u00f3n Nosocomial en Servicios de Medicina Intensiva (ENVIN). Informe 2012 [consultado 01 Abr 2013]. Disponible en: http:\/\/hws.vhebron.net\/envin-helics\/descargas.asp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0145","first-page":"339","article-title":"Microscopic and bacteriologic analysis of expectorated sputum","volume":"50","author":"Murray","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.5.1027-1029.1993","article-title":"Rejection criteria for endotracheal aspirates from adults","volume":"31","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2012.09.001","article-title":"Situaci\u00f3n actual de la realizaci\u00f3n de fibrobroncoscopias en los servicios de medicina intensiva","volume":"36","author":"Mart\u00edn-Loeches","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Intensiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1086\/653054","article-title":"Diagnostic techniques and procedures for establishing the microbial etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia for clinical trials: The pros for quantitative cultures","volume":"51","author":"Chastre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1086\/653055","article-title":"The argument against using quantitative cultures in clinical trials and for the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"51","author":"Niederman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052904","article-title":"A randomized trial of diagnostic techniques for ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"355","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2105078","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"165","author":"Chastre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000275389.31974.22","article-title":"Optimal management therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia: An observational, multicentre study comparing monotherapy with combination antibiotic therapy","volume":"35","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833ae38b","article-title":"Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: Epidemiology and management","volume":"23","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2588","article-title":"Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults","volume":"290","author":"Chastre","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.13.1393","article-title":"Healthcare-associated pneumonia requiring hospital admission: Epidemiology, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes","volume":"167","author":"Carratal\u00e0","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.07.013","article-title":"Temporal effects of infection controls practices and the use of antibiotics on the incidence of MRSA","volume":"82","author":"Bertrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hospit Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-3-199502010-00004","article-title":"Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"122","author":"Valles","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.07.051","article-title":"Subglottic secretion drainage for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Dezfulian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-761OC","article-title":"Influence of an endotraqueal tube with polyurethane cuff and subglottic drain age on pneumonia","volume":"176","author":"Lorente","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2010.02.039","article-title":"Higiene oral con clorhexidina para la prevenci\u00f3n de neumon\u00eda en pacientes intubados: revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica de ensayos cl\u00ednicos aleatorizados","volume":"135","author":"Carvajal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154884","article-title":"Protective effect of intravenously administered cefuroxime against nosocomial pneumonia in patients with structural coma","volume":"155","author":"Sirvent","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390703","article-title":"A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"339","author":"Antonelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R155","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10285","article-title":"Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia, mortality and all intensive care unit acquired infections by topically applied antimicrobial or antiseptic agents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in intensive care units","volume":"15","author":"Pileggi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200504-656OC","article-title":"A randomized double-blind trial of iseganan in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia","volume":"173","author":"Kollef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(05)31031-2","article-title":"Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care processes and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Resar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf"}],"container-title":["Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0213005X13001316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0213005X13001316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T13:19:20Z","timestamp":1596028760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0213005X13001316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0213005X13001316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eimc.2013.04.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0213-005X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0213-005X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}}}