{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:08:46Z","timestamp":1791554926020,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,7]],"date-time":"2019-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17ck0106161h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ck0106161h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T11:58:19Z","timestamp":1555156699000},"page":"78-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Single-arm, multicentre, phase II trial of nivolumab for unresectable or recurrent thymic carcinoma: PRIMER study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Katsuya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9090-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidehito","family":"Horinouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Hosomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyako","family":"Satouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Kozuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyoaki","family":"Hida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamie","family":"Sukigara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Kuchiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Ohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v40","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv277","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Girard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology\/ESMO"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.11.004","article-title":"Thymic epithelial tumours: a population-based study of the incidence, diagnostic procedures and therapy","volume":"44","author":"de Jong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11099","article-title":"Malignant thymoma in the United States: demographic patterns in incidence and associations with subsequent malignancies","volume":"105","author":"Engels","year":"2003","journal-title":"International journal of cancer Journal international du cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1","article-title":"Therapy for thymic epithelial tumors: a clinical study of 1,320 patients from Japan","volume":"76","author":"Kondo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu541","article-title":"A multicenter phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced thymic carcinoma: WJOG4207L","volume":"26","author":"Hirai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology\/ESMO"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31822e71c0","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and platinum compounds for advanced thymic carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Agatsuma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200206000-00012","article-title":"Chemotherapy for advanced thymic carcinoma: clinical response to cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (ADOC chemotherapy)","volume":"25","author":"Koizumi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11606","article-title":"Weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin, vincristine, doxorubicin, and etoposide is an effective treatment for advanced thymic carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Yoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2159-7","article-title":"Correlation between S-1 treatment outcome and expression of biomarkers for refractory thymic carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Okuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Canc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2015.03.003","article-title":"Immunohistochemical status of PD-L1 in thymoma and thymic carcinoma","volume":"88","author":"Katsuya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lung Canc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.16.00030","article-title":"Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) ligand (PD-L1) expression in solid tumors as a predictive biomarker of benefit from PD-1\/PD-L1 Axis inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Khunger","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.4368","article-title":"Ipilimumab therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw443","article-title":"Anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with advanced melanoma and preexisting autoimmune disorders or major toxicity with ipilimumab","volume":"28","author":"Menzies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology\/ESMO."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","article-title":"New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)","volume":"45","author":"Eisenhauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71181-7","article-title":"Sunitinib in patients with chemotherapy-refractory thymoma and thymic carcinoma: an open-label phase 2 trial","volume":"16","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30062-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in patients with thymic carcinoma: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 study","volume":"19","author":"Giaccone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib17","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for patients with refractory or relapsed thymic epithelial tumor: an open-label phase II trial","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3016","article-title":"A specific missense mutation in GTF2I occurs at high frequency in thymic epithelial tumors","volume":"46","author":"Petrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib19","series-title":"ESMO 2017 congress; 09 September 2017","first-page":"v595","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of thymic gland carcinomas","author":"Ross","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.01.004","article-title":"Medical treatment involving investigational drugs and genetic profile of thymic carcinoma","volume":"93","author":"Asao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung Canc"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4855","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0066","article-title":"Genomic analysis of thymic epithelial tumors identifies novel subtypes associated with distinct clinical features","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000296","article-title":"A practical guide from the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) regarding the radiographic assessment of treatment response of thymic epithelial tumors using modified RECIST criteria","volume":"9","author":"Benveniste","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(01)00398-7","article-title":"Progression-free rate as the principal end-point for phase II trials in soft-tissue sarcomas","volume":"38","author":"Van Glabbeke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.5236","article-title":"Defining the most appropriate primary end point in phase 2 trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced solid cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA oncol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804919302096?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804919302096?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:24:37Z","timestamp":1760732677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804919302096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0959804919302096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Single-arm, multicentre, phase II trial of nivolumab for unresectable or recurrent thymic carcinoma: PRIMER study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.03.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}