{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:06:27Z","timestamp":1786374387985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,22]],"date-time":"2019-11-22T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1574425730000},"page":"142-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Increased risk for second primary rectal cancer after pelvic radiation therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Anouk J.M.","family":"Rombouts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niek","family":"Hugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marloes A.G.","family":"Elferink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M.P.","family":"Poortmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris D.","family":"Nagtegaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes H.W.","family":"de Wilt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.7.1976","article-title":"No downstaging after short-term preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"Marijnen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw661","article-title":"Incidence of second tumors after treatment with or without radiation for rectal cancer","volume":"28","author":"Rombouts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70061-4","article-title":"Proportion of second cancers attributable to radiotherapy treatment in adults: a cohort study in the US SEER cancer registries","volume":"12","author":"Berrington de Gonzalez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6126","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.02.543","article-title":"Occurrence of second cancers in patients treated with radiotherapy for rectal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Birgisson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.6643","article-title":"Assessment of radiotherapy-associated angiosarcoma after breast cancer treatment in a Dutch population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Rombouts","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.02.007","article-title":"Secondary malignancies after rectal cancer resection with and without radiation therapy: a propensity-adjusted, population-based SEER analysis","volume":"123","author":"Warschkow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.58.6693","article-title":"No increased risk of second cancer after radiotherapy in patients treated for rectal or endometrial cancer in the randomized TME, PORTEC-1, and PORTEC-2 Trials","volume":"33","author":"Wiltink","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.01.007","article-title":"Dose to the inferior rectum is strongly associated with patient reported bowel quality of life after radiation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"110","author":"Stenmark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.03.010","article-title":"Image-based brachytherapy for the treatment of cervical cancer","volume":"92","author":"Harkenrider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.05.008","article-title":"Does pelvic radiation increase rectal cancer incidence? \u2212 a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Rombouts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00501.x","article-title":"Recurrent rectal cancer. The pre-irradiated primary tumour: can more radiotherapy be given?","volume":"5","author":"Glimelius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000547","article-title":"Treatment of locally recurrent rectal carcinoma in previously (chemo)irradiated patients: a review","volume":"59","author":"van der Meij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5250-z","article-title":"The use of re-irradiation in locally recurrent, non-metastatic rectal cancer","volume":"23","author":"Susko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.11.021","article-title":"Reirradiation of locally recurrent rectal cancer: a systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Guren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.09.017","article-title":"Preoperative hyperfractionated chemoradiation for locally recurrent rectal cancer in patients previously irradiated to the pelvis: a multicentric phase II study","volume":"64","author":"Valentini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000213","article-title":"Does radiotherapy of the primary rectal cancer affect prognosis after pelvic exenteration for recurrent rectal cancer?","volume":"58","author":"Rombouts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Publication 84. Pregnancy and medical irradiation","volume":"30","author":"ICRP. ICoRP","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.03.053","article-title":"The calculated risk of fatal secondary malignancies from intensity-modulated radiation therapy","volume":"62","author":"Kry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.10.040","article-title":"Risk of second cancers according to radiation therapy technique and modality in prostate cancer survivors","volume":"91","author":"Berrington de Gonzalez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0892","article-title":"Comparison of second cancer risks from brachytherapy and external beam therapy after uterine corpus cancer","volume":"19","author":"Lonn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs525","article-title":"Risks of colorectal and other cancers after endometrial cancer for women with Lynch syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Win","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2010.03.008","article-title":"DNA mismatch repair and the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation: making sense of apparently conflicting data","volume":"36","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000227","article-title":"Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ulcerative proctitis, chronic radiation proctopathy, and diversion proctitis","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00510.x","article-title":"Anal and rectal cancer in Crohn's disease","volume":"5","author":"Sjodahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i29.3839","article-title":"Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: what is the real magnitude of the risk?","volume":"18","author":"Dyson","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib26","first-page":"11","article-title":"Precancer in ulcerative colitis: the role of the field effect and its clinical implications","volume":"39","author":"Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-019-1926-2","article-title":"Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: review of the evidence","volume":"23","author":"Keller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.11.227","article-title":"Bladder function preservation with brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and limited surgery in bladder cancer patients: long-term results [corrected]","volume":"88","author":"Aluwini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2013.09.013","article-title":"Comparison of clinical outcomes and toxicity in endometrial cancer patients treated with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy or conventional radiotherapy","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2014.11.005","article-title":"Late rectal toxicity after low-dose-rate brachytherapy: incidence, predictors, and management of side effects","volume":"14","author":"Kishan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.10.009","article-title":"Comparison of acute and late toxicities for three modern high-dose radiation treatment techniques for localized prostate cancer","volume":"82","author":"Mohammed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brachy.2015.08.007","article-title":"Late rectal toxicity after image-based high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for postoperative recurrent and\/or residual cervical cancers: EQD2 predictors for Grade >\/=II toxicity","volume":"14","author":"Chopra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brachytherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2014.03.013","article-title":"External beam radiation therapy for small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder","volume":"5","author":"Mattes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0738-z","article-title":"Risk of second cancer following radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a population-based analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hegemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30646-6","article-title":"Surgical treatment and survival from colorectal cancer in Denmark, England, Norway, and Sweden: a population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Benitez Majano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31785","article-title":"An overview of 25 years of incidence, treatment and outcome of colorectal cancer patients","volume":"143","author":"Brouwer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000257358.56863.ce","article-title":"The TME trial after a median follow-up of 6 years: increased local control but no survival benefit in irradiated patients with resectable rectal carcinoma","volume":"246","author":"Peeters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0214","article-title":"Second malignancies among elderly survivors of cancer","volume":"16","author":"VanderWalde","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Oncologist"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804919307853?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804919307853?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:26:31Z","timestamp":1760732791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804919307853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0959804919307853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increased risk for second primary rectal cancer after pelvic radiation therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.10.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}