{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:47:11Z","timestamp":1792392431575,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014848","name":"Arnold Ventures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T22:52:19Z","timestamp":1628549539000},"page":"163-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nested and adjacent subgroups in cancer clinical trials: When the best interests of companies and patients diverge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2042-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10212","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32591-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study","volume":"394","author":"Burtness","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104762","article-title":"Keynote 48: is it really for everyone?","volume":"105","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606774","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1\u2013positive non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"375","author":"Reck","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz288","article-title":"Outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and very high PD-L1 expression","volume":"30","author":"Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032125","article-title":"Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer","volume":"384","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10183","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32409-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"393","author":"Mok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10027","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01281-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Herbst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i38","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz063","article-title":"Final analysis of the phase III KEYNOTE-042 study: pembrolizumab (Pembro) versus platinum-based chemotherapy (Chemo) as first-line therapy for patients (Pts) with PD-L1\u2013positive locally advanced\/metastatic NSCLC","volume":"30","author":"Mok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911440","article-title":"Olaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"382","author":"de Bono","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v327","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz248.003","article-title":"846PD - preliminary results from the TRITON2 study of rucaparib in patients (pts) with DNA damage repair (DDR)-deficient metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): updated analyses","volume":"30","author":"Abida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.02.041","article-title":"Untangling the PROfound trial for advanced prostate cancer: is there really a role for olaparib?","volume":"79","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3740","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.01755","article-title":"Two steps forward and one step back for precision in prostate cancer treatment","volume":"38","author":"Schweizer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.03.208","article-title":"How low can you go? PD-L1 expression as a biomarker in trials of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"32","author":"Fundytus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071834","article-title":"Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"357","author":"Jonker","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804921004615?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804921004615?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:33:31Z","timestamp":1760733211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804921004615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["S0959804921004615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nested and adjacent subgroups in cancer clinical trials: When the best interests of companies and patients diverge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.058","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}