{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:28:36Z","timestamp":1787236116766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb Co","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T20:24:49Z","timestamp":1722630289000},"page":"114264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Safety of combined ablative radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in three phase I trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Connor","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Korpics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan R.","family":"Katipally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Bestvina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Pitroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti D.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Chmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Juloori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535","article-title":"Estimation of the percentage of US patients with cancer who are eligible for and respond to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy drugs","volume":"2","author":"Haslam","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.0687","article-title":"Evaluation of safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy for the treatment of patients with multiple metastases: findings from the NRG-BR001 phase 1 trial","volume":"7","author":"Chmura","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.03.045","article-title":"Local control following stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.4394","article-title":"Treatment with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for up to 5 oligometastases in patients with cancer: primary toxic effect results of the nonrandomized phase 2 SABR-5 clinical trial","author":"Olson","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"10185","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32487-5","article-title":"Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus standard of care palliative treatment in patients with oligometastatic cancers (SABR-COMET): a randomised, phase 2, open-label trial","volume":"393","author":"Palma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00201","article-title":"Local consolidative therapy vs. maintenance therapy or observation for patients with oligometastatic non\u2013small-cell lung cancer: long-term results of a multi-institutional, phase II, randomized study","volume":"37","author":"Gomez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.0161","article-title":"Addition of metastasis-directed therapy to intermittent hormone therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: the EXTEND phase 2 randomized clinical trial","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib8","volume":"0","author":"Tsai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.1478","article-title":"Effect of pembrolizumab after stereotactic body radiotherapy vs pembrolizumab alone on tumor response in patients with advanced non\u2013small cell lung cancer","volume":"5","author":"Theelen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001001","article-title":"Pembrolizumab with or without radiation therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase I\/II trial","volume":"8","author":"Welsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001302","article-title":"Durvalumab and tremelimumab with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy in relapsed small cell lung cancer: a randomized phase II study","volume":"8","author":"Pakkala","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.08.018","article-title":"A randomized phase 2 study of pembrolizumab with or without radiation in patients with recurrent or metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma","volume":"109","author":"Mahmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00290","article-title":"Randomized phase II trial of nivolumab with stereotactic body radiotherapy versus nivolumab alone in metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"McBride","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00658-6","article-title":"Durvalumab plus tremelimumab alone or in combination with low-dose or hypofractionated radiotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer refractory to previous PD(L)-1 therapy: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"23","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.2132","article-title":"Checkpoint inhibitors in combination with stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors: the CHEERS phase 2 randomized clinical trial","author":"Spaas","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.03.005","article-title":"Correlating dose variables with local tumor control in stereotactic body radiation therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a modeling study on 1500 individual treatments","volume":"107","author":"Klement","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol*Biol*Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2925","article-title":"Association of immune-related adverse events with nivolumab efficacy in non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"Haratani","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.5012","article-title":"Multisystem immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of non\u2013small cell lung cancer","volume":"6","author":"Shankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005493","article-title":"Association of immune-related adverse events with the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with dMMR\/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"11","author":"Nasca","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7711","article-title":"Association of immune-related adverse events with efficacy of atezolizumab in patients with non\u2013small cell lung cancer: pooled analyses of the phase 3 IMpower130, IMpower132, and IMpower150 randomized clinical trials","author":"Socinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.2229","article-title":"Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab and multisite stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"36","author":"Luke","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCO"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-0810","article-title":"Phase I study of stereotactic body radiotherapy plus nivolumab and urelumab or cabiralizumab in advanced solid tumors","volume":"27","author":"Foster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.08.019","article-title":"A phase 1 trial of concurrent or sequential ipilimumab, nivolumab, and stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with stage IV NSCLC study","volume":"17","author":"Bestvina","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2016.05.004","article-title":"Rationale of technical requirements for NRG-BR001: the first NCI-sponsored trial of SBRT for the treatment of multiple metastases","volume":"6","author":"Al-Hallaq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pract Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib25","unstructured":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Accessed April 23, 2023. \u3008https:\/\/ctep.cancer.gov\/protocoldevelopment\/electronic_applications\/ctc.htm#ctc_40\u3009."},{"issue":"282","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib27","unstructured":"R. Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Published online June 22, 2020. \u3008https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib28","unstructured":"Sjoberg D.D., Fei T. tidycmprsk: Competing Risks Estimation. Published online 2023. \u3008https:\/\/mskcc-epi-bio.github.io\/tidycmprsk\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib29","unstructured":"T. Therneau. survival: A Package for Survival Analysis in R. Published online 2020. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=survival."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-27960-2","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events and the balancing act of immunotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Conroy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10027","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01281-7","article-title":"Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Herbst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10064","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32455-2","article-title":"Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712126","article-title":"Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab versus Sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma","volume":"378","author":"Motzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.06.068","article-title":"Predictors of pneumonitis in combined thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy and immunotherapy","author":"Korpics","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.01.002","article-title":"Combined stereotactic body radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition for liver metastases: safety and outcomes in a pooled analysis of 3 phase 1 trials","volume":"118","author":"Lynch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol, Biol, Phys"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804924009201?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804924009201?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T12:47:22Z","timestamp":1729601242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804924009201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0959804924009201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Safety of combined ablative radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in three phase I trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114264","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114264"}}