{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T07:10:24Z","timestamp":1783667424864,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T20:08:20Z","timestamp":1771358900000},"page":"116587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An updated European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) protocol for pathological evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes for merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"237","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5028-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Szumera-Cie\u0107kiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Donizy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibault","family":"Kervarrec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Witold","family":"Skrzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llucia","family":"Alos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0647-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Castrejon-De-Anta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3603-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Ugolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8112-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Mizera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mihic-Probst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin G.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8859-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastian","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8920-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.M.","family":"Eggermont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8846-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Mandal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Massi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib1","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"1","author":"Mistry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ski Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib2","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Becker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib3","series-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","author":"Amin","year":"2017"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5266-4","article-title":"Analysis of prognostic factors from 9387 merkel cell carcinoma cases forms the basis for the new 8th edition AJCC staging system","volume":"23","author":"Harms","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib5","article-title":"The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of merkel cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kanakopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E828","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28866","article-title":"Effect of sentinel lymph node biopsy and lvi on merkel cell carcinoma prognosis and treatment","volume":"131","author":"Harounian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001959","article-title":"Dataset for the reporting of merkel cell carcinoma recommendations from the international collaboration on cancer reporting (ICCR)","volume":"46","author":"Busam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0394-6","article-title":"Danger is only skin deep: aggressive epidermal carcinomas. An overview of the diagnosis, demographics, molecular-genetics, staging, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic advances in Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Tetzlaff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2017.10.005","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Merkel cell carcinoma: The Mayo Clinic experience of 150 patients","volume":"27","author":"Sims","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1662-y","article-title":"Recurrence and survival in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for Merkel cell carcinoma: analysis of 153 patients from a single institution","volume":"18","author":"Fields","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.03.043","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline \u2013 Update 2022","volume":"171","author":"Gauci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0055","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma, version 1.2018","volume":"16","author":"Bichakjian","year":"2018","journal-title":"JNCCN J Natl Compr Cancer Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004742","article-title":"Nationwide multidisciplinary consensus on the clinical management of Merkel cell carcinoma: a Delphi panel","volume":"10","author":"Spada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib14","first-page":"305","article-title":"S2k Guideline \u2013 Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC, neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin) \u2013 Update 2022","volume":"21","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"JDDG J Ger Soc Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib15","unstructured":"Ganesan R., Attygalle A., Coutts M., BAGP Guidance Document: Sentinel Lymph Node Processing and Ultra Staging; Version 1.1, Protocols for Pathological Processing of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Endometrial, Vulval and Cervical Carcinomas Background. Published online 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s42047-025-00183-7","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: a review from the preanalytical to the postanalytical phase by the Brazilian society of pathology","volume":"8","author":"de Almeida Verdolin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib17","author":"Smoller","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib18","author":"Slater","year":"2025","journal-title":"Publ Online 2019 Access June 2"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2022.06.016","article-title":"Update on sentinel node pathology in breast cancer","volume":"39","author":"Harrison","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.131.7.610","article-title":"Reliability of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Regional Staging of Head and Neck Merkel Cell Carcinoma","volume":"131","author":"Schmalbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-023-03691-7","article-title":"SATB2, CKAE1\/AE3, and synaptophysin as a sensitive immunohistochemical panel for the detection of lymph node metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"484","author":"Szumera-Cieckiewicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13758","article-title":"Neurofilament is superior to cytokeratin 20 in supporting cutaneous origin for neuroendocrine carcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Stanoszek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.250","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma of lymph node with unknown primary has a significantly lower association with Merkel cell polyomavirus than its cutaneous counterpart","volume":"27","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11122172","article-title":"INSM1, a novel biomarker for detection of neuroendocrine neoplasms: Cytopathologists\u2019 view","volume":"11","author":"Maleki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilo M.T., Chen Y., Leblanc R.E.INSM1 Is More Sensitive and Interpretable than Conventional Immunohistochemical Stains Used to Diagnose Merkel Cell Carcinoma.; 2018. www.ajsp.com..","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001136"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0155-y","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of a panel of immunohistochemical and molecular markers to distinguish Merkel cell carcinoma from other neuroendocrine carcinomas","volume":"32","author":"Kervarrec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2015.11.23","article-title":"Sentinel lymph node in breast cancer: review article from a pathologist\u2019s point of view","volume":"50","author":"Apple","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pathol Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.05.026","article-title":"The Proposed 9th Edition TNM Classification of Lung Cancer","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib29","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.102977","article-title":"Merkel-cell carcinoma: ESMO\u2013EURACAN Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up \u2606","volume":"9","author":"Lugowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-016-3254-0","article-title":"Chromogranin As a Biochemical Marker of Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"160","author":"Lyubimova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0269","article-title":"Chromogranin a as circulating marker for diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms: more flaws than fame","volume":"25","author":"Marotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2022-0238-OA","article-title":"SOX11 Is an Effective Discriminatory Marker, When Used in Conjunction With CK20 and TTF1, for Merkel Cell Carcinoma Comparative Analysis of SOX11, CK20, PAX5, and TTF1 Expression in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma","volume":"147","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2024.100627","article-title":"POU4F3 Is a Sensitive and Specific Marker of Merkel Cell Carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Karpinski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib35","first-page":"241","article-title":"Double staining immunohistochemistry","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002248","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence Helps Pathologists Increase Diagnostic Accuracy and Efficiency in the Detection of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastases","volume":"48","author":"Retamero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587_bib37","article-title":"Clinical implementation of artificial-intelligence-assisted detection of breast cancer metastases in sentinel lymph nodes: the CONFIDENT-B single-center, non-randomized clinical trial","author":"van Dooijeweert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926003679?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926003679?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:27:01Z","timestamp":1773235621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804926003679"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0959804926003679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An updated European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC) protocol for pathological evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes for merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116587","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116587"}}