{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:59:25Z","timestamp":1777895965507,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:54:59Z","timestamp":1774464899000},"page":"116696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Liver and peritoneal metastases of unknown primary site: French Intergroup Clinical Practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up (TNCD, SNFGE, FFCD, UNICANCER, GERCOR, SFCD, SFED, SFP, SFR, ACHBT, SFRO, SNFCP, AFEF, RENAPE, NET-CAPI)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4534-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Botsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Djelouah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Bibeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Bieche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Deleval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Di Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Gornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Pocard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Ducreux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Bouch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0723-z","article-title":"Exploring the biological hallmarks of cancer of unknown primary: where do we stand today?","volume":"122","author":"Rassy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2402691","article-title":"Cancer of unknown primary site","volume":"392","author":"Raghav","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1684\/ito.2022.0348","article-title":"Cancer of unknown primary: a national multidisciplinary consultation board for diagnostic and therapeutic orientation","volume":"8","author":"Jacquin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov Th\u00e9rapeutiques En Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib4","article-title":"Management and survival of patients with cancer of unknown primary discussed by a French national multidisciplinary tumour board: a retrospective analysis","volume":"60","author":"Dupain","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0571-y","article-title":"The RENAPE observational registry: rationale and framework of the rare peritoneal tumors French patient registry","volume":"12","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annpat.2024.05.003","article-title":"[RENAPE network: Towards more equitable access to care and expertise for patients with rare peritoneal cancers]","volume":"44","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.11.013","article-title":"Cancer of unknown primary: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Kramer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"9824","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61178-1","article-title":"Cancer of unknown primary site","volume":"379","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4973","article-title":"Clinicopathological, molecular and prognostic characteristics of cancer of unknown primary in China: An analysis of 1420 cases","volume":"12","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62630","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16021","article-title":"Prognostic clinicopathologic factors in carcinoma of unknown primary origin: a study of 106 consecutive cases","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib11","first-page":"427","article-title":"Metastatic cancer of unknown origin: nonsquamous cell type","volume":"9","author":"Neumann","year":"1982","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib12","first-page":"262","article-title":"Update of the recommendations of good clinical practice for the use of PET in oncology","volume":"106","author":"Salaun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06860-1","article-title":"Identifying the primary tumour in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) using [(18)F]FDG PET\/CT: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","author":"Willemse","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185120958412","article-title":"Clinical value of (68)Ga-DOTA-SSTR PET\/CT in the diagnosis and detection of neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Radio"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i12.3607","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided deep and large biopsy for diagnosis of gastric infiltrating tumors with negative malignant endoscopy biopsies","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70151-7","article-title":"Carcinoma of unknown primary with a colon-cancer profile-changing paradigm and emerging definitions","volume":"9","author":"Varadhachary","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-7697(07)74020-6","article-title":"Expert agreement on the minimal descriptive surgical report for peritoneal cancer","volume":"144","author":"Bereder","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chir (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-326-UTTIBI","article-title":"Undifferentiated tumor: true identity by immunohistochemistry","volume":"132","author":"Bahrami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000069","article-title":"Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary: diagnostic approach using immunohistochemistry","volume":"22","author":"Conner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPWW2URZ9JKQJU","article-title":"The role of SATB2 as a diagnostic marker for tumors of colorectal origin: Results of a pathology-based clinical prospective study","volume":"141","author":"Dragomir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.11.009","article-title":"CDX2 downregulation is associated with poor differentiation and MMR deficiency in colon cancer","volume":"100","author":"Olsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib22","first-page":"S178","article-title":"The role of the pathologist in the diagnosis of metastases from urological malignancies","volume":"18","author":"Molinie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2014.77","article-title":"Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer","volume":"28","author":"Queisser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2005.11.004","article-title":"An immunohistochemical approach to the differential diagnosis of renal tumors","volume":"22","author":"Skinnider","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.07.24","article-title":"Metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Al-Taee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-0628","article-title":"Utility of genomic analysis in circulating tumor DNA from patients with carcinoma of unknown primary","volume":"77","author":"Kato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.02.021","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of cancers of unknown primary for the biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy","volume":"94","author":"Gatalica","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw142","article-title":"BRCA somatic mutations and epigenetic BRCA modifications in serous ovarian cancer","volume":"27","author":"Moschetta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32540","article-title":"Patterns of recurrence and metastasis in BRCA1\/BRCA2-associated breast cancers","volume":"126","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib30","first-page":"16","article-title":"The role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in prostate, pancreatic and stomach cancers","volume":"13","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hered Cancer Clin Pr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2021.07.009","article-title":"Identification of tissue of origin and guided therapeutic applications in cancers of unknown primary using deep learning and RNA sequencing (TransCUPtomics)","volume":"23","author":"Vibert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103030","article-title":"CUP-AI-Dx: a tool for inferring cancer tissue of origin and molecular subtype using RNA gene-expression data and artificial intelligence","volume":"61","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31866-4","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis in cancer of unknown primary guides molecularly-informed therapies despite heterogeneity","volume":"13","author":"Mohrmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206834","article-title":"Futibatinib for FGFR2-Rearranged Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"388","author":"Goyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib35","article-title":"Contributors, P., PFMG2025-integrating genomic medicine into the national healthcare system in France.","volume":"50","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2008.117","article-title":"Differential diagnostic and functional role of the multi-marker phenotype CDX2\/CK20\/CK7 in colorectal cancer stratified by mismatch repair status","volume":"21","author":"Lugli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2008.10.003","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary site","volume":"36","author":"Spigel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.07.011","article-title":"Newly diagnosed and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1910962","article-title":"Niraparib in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"381","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1810858","article-title":"Maintenance olaparib in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer","volume":"379","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008369812295","article-title":"Carcinoma of unknown primary site: phase II trials with docetaxel plus cisplatin or carboplatin","volume":"11","author":"Greco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3479","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.104","article-title":"Cisplatin in combination with either gemcitabine or irinotecan in carcinomas of unknown primary site: results of a randomized phase II study--trial for the French Study Group on Carcinomas of Unknown Primary (GEFCAPI 01)","volume":"21","author":"Culine","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2009.05.005","article-title":"Comparative survival with diverse chemotherapy regimens for cancer of unknown primary site: multiple-treatments meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Golfinopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.11.009","article-title":"Open-label phase II study of the efficacy of nivolumab for cancer of unknown primary","volume":"33","author":"Tanizaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004822","article-title":"Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced cancer of unknown primary (CUP): a phase 2 non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Raghav","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e394","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13597","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic profiling of carcinoma of unknown primary origin: retrospective molecular classification considering the CUPISCO study design","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx545","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with cancer of unknown primary in the modern era","volume":"28","author":"Varghese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2014.216","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic profiling of carcinoma of unknown primary site: new routes to targeted therapies","volume":"1","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-022-02806-x","article-title":"SEOM\u2014GECOD clinical guideline for unknown primary cancer (2021)","volume":"24","author":"Losa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01060-8","article-title":"Rethinking cancer of unknown primary: from diagnostic challenge to targeted treatment","volume":"22","author":"Pouyiourou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00942-7","article-title":"New clinical trials in CUP and a novel paradigm in cancer classification","volume":"21","author":"Rassy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100407","article-title":"Site-specific therapy in cancers of unknown primary site: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00313-9","article-title":"Site-specific therapy guided by a 90-gene expression assay versus empirical chemotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary (Fudan CUP-001): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00814-6","article-title":"Molecularly guided therapy versus chemotherapy after disease control in unfavourable cancer of unknown primary (CUPISCO): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 study","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10 Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2020.03.217","article-title":"Peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site, a study of 25 patients over 30 years","volume":"46","author":"Sugarbaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2021.10.005","article-title":"Appendiceal tumors and pseudomyxoma peritonei: French Intergroup Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatments and follow-up (RENAPE, RENAPATH, SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, ACHBT, SFR)","volume":"54","author":"Delhorme","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2012.02.002","article-title":"Long-term survivors among patients with cancer of unknown primary","volume":"84","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.08.019","article-title":"Local ablative treatment with surgery and\/or radiotherapy in single-site and oligometastatic carcinoma of unknown primary","volume":"157","author":"Pouyiourou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.04.019","article-title":"Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict the length of survival in patients with carcinomas of an unknown primary site","volume":"20","author":"Culine","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.08.008","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer: French clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, ACHBT, AFC)","volume":"50","author":"Neuzillet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.02.011","article-title":"Digestive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NEN): French Intergroup clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (SNFGE, GTE, RENATEN, TENPATH, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, SFR)","volume":"52","author":"de Mestier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.019","article-title":"Association for the Study of the, L., EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"69","author":"European","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.001","article-title":"European Association for the Study of the, L., EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of benign liver tumours","volume":"65","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3900-3","article-title":"ESGAR consensus statement on liver MR imaging and clinical use of liver-specific contrast agents","volume":"26","author":"Neri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Radio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06369-4","article-title":"Consensus report from the 8th International Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"30","author":"Zech","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radio"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1774","article-title":"Clinical staging of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29020061","article-title":"Imaging spectrum of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and its mimickers: how to differentiate them using MRI","volume":"29","author":"Kovac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11124-5","article-title":"Imaging of peritoneal metastases of ovarian and colorectal cancer: joint recommendations of ESGAR, ESUR, PSOGI, and EANM","author":"Vandecaveye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Radio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-020-00714-8","article-title":"Ovarian metastasis from nongynecologic primary sites: a retrospective analysis of 177 cases and 13-year experience","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.11.005","article-title":"Non-genital tract metastases to the ovaries presented as ovarian tumors in Sweden 1990-2003: occurrence, origin and survival compared to ovarian cancer","volume":"105","author":"Skirnisdottir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-016-2029-3","article-title":"The challenge of diagnosing a malignancy metastatic to the ovary: clinicopathological characteristics vary and morphology can be different from that of the corresponding primary tumor","volume":"470","author":"Lobo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200086","article-title":"Multimodality imaging approach to ovarian neoplasms with pathologic correlation","volume":"41","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072106","article-title":"Manifestations of ovarian cancer in relation to other pelvic diseases by MRI","volume":"15","author":"Bourgioti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08054-x","article-title":"O-RADS MRI score: analysis of misclassified cases in a prospective multicentric European cohort","volume":"31","author":"Thomassin-Naggara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radio"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00771","article-title":"Randomized phase II trial comparing site-specific treatment based on gene expression profiling with carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with cancer of unknown primary site","volume":"37","author":"Hayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v851","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz394","article-title":"A phase III trial of empiric chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine or systemic treatment tailored by molecular gene expression analysis in patients with carcinomas of an unknown primary (CUP) site (GEFCAPI 04)","volume":"30","author":"Fizazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926004764?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926004764?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:10:58Z","timestamp":1777623058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804926004764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0959804926004764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Liver and peritoneal metastases of unknown primary site: French Intergroup Clinical Practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up (TNCD, SNFGE, FFCD, UNICANCER, GERCOR, SFCD, SFED, SFP, SFR, ACHBT, SFRO, SNFCP, AFEF, RENAPE, NET-CAPI)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116696","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116696"}}