{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:12:11Z","timestamp":1779297131348,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008799","name":"Gilead Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008799","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019179","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n la Caixa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T17:37:26Z","timestamp":1776015446000},"page":"116745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evolving landscape of targeted therapies in early phase clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"240","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Bra\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Vieito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8492-5195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriol","family":"Mirallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guzman Alonso","family":"Casal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Galvao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.Julia Lostes","family":"Bardaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2207-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Oberoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Pretelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio Andres","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benet Fite","family":"Abril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana Aguilar","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1380-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Nuciforo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vivancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3500-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iosune","family":"Baraibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5416-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Castet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen Garcia","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi Rodon","family":"Ahnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Capdevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Galceran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Macarulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enriqueta","family":"Felip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-6324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Elez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Tabernero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5997-318X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Dienstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Villacampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Garralda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1692-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Hernando-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2020.102019","article-title":"Review of precision cancer medicine: Evolution of the treatment paradigm","volume":"86","author":"Tsimberidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-2771","article-title":"FDA Approval summary: entrectinib for the treatment of NTRK gene fusion solid tumors","volume":"27","author":"Marcus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib3","unstructured":"FDA approves larotrectinib for solid tumors with NTRK gene fusions. \u3008https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/fda-approves-larotrectinib-solid-tumors-ntrk-gene-fusions-0\u3009."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib4","first-page":"935","article-title":"Approval summary for imatinib mesylate capsules in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00541-1","article-title":"Tumour-agnostic efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in patients with RET fusion-positive solid tumours other than lung or thyroid tumours (LIBRETTO-001): a phase 1\/2, open-label, basket trial","volume":"23","author":"Subbiah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02786","article-title":"Personalized biomarker-based umbrella trial for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: KCSG HN 15-16 TRIUMPH trial","volume":"42","author":"Keam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib7","article-title":"Systematic review of basket trials, umbrella trials, and platform trials: A landscape analysis of master protocols","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trials BioMed Cent Ltd"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-1396","article-title":"High-Throughput genomics and clinical outcome in hard-to-treat advanced cancers: results of the MOSCATO 01 Trial","volume":"7","author":"Massard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0424-4","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptomic profiling expands precision cancer medicine: the WINTHER trial","volume":"25","author":"Rodon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.2245","article-title":"LBA7 The Rome trial from histology to target: The road to personalize targeted therapy and immunotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Botticelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00188-6","article-title":"Molecularly targeted therapy based on tumour molecular profiling versus conventional therapy for advanced cancer (SHIVA): a multicentre, open-label, proof-of-concept, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"16","author":"Le Tourneau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb1607705","article-title":"Limits to personalized cancer medicine","volume":"375","author":"Tannock","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib13","series-title":"ESMO Handbook of Targeted Therapy and Precision Oncology","author":"Lugowska","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00864-3","article-title":"Molecular targeted therapy for anticancer treatment","volume":"54","author":"Min","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib15","first-page":"3297","article-title":"Evolving landscape of molecular prescreening strategies for oncology early clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Dienstmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02379-4","article-title":"The NCI-MATCH trial: lessons for precision oncology","volume":"29","author":"O\u2019Dwyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a057716","article-title":"Responses and toxic deaths in phase I clinical trials","volume":"1","author":"Decoster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol"},{"issue":"10351","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01390-3","article-title":"Evolving landscape of early drug development in solid tumors: analysis of national cancer institute sponsored Phase 1 trials","volume":"400","author":"Chihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242.2243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1803837","article-title":"Encouraging trends in modern phase 1 oncology trials","volume":"378","author":"Chakiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0407-5","article-title":"Molecular profiling of cancer patients enables personalized combination therapy: the I-PREDICT study","volume":"25","author":"Sicklick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-3334","article-title":"National cancer institute combination therapy platform trial with molecular analysis for therapy choice (ComboMATCH)","volume":"29","author":"Meric-Bernstam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-23-0534","article-title":"Patient-centric approaches for phase i combination trials come on stage","volume":"13","author":"Hernando-Calvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyae011","article-title":"Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase genomic loss in advanced gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"29","author":"Ngoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2019-000583","article-title":"Community-driven development of a modified progression-free survival ratio for precision oncology","volume":"4","author":"Mock","year":"2019","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745_bib25","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Plasma ctDNA as a treatment response biomarker in metastatic cancers: evaluation by the RECIST working group","volume":"30","author":"Wyatt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926005265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926005265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:23:09Z","timestamp":1779294189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804926005265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S0959804926005265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evolving landscape of targeted therapies in early phase clinical trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.116745","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116745"}}