{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:41:41Z","timestamp":1792654901635,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejcancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:06:33Z","timestamp":1792249593000},"page":"117780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Outcomes of CD20-targeting CAR T-cell therapy in patients with advanced melanoma: MB-CART20.1 Melanoma phase I trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"249","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyatt","family":"Balke-Want","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5706-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Theurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"G\u00f6del","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6661-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Biedermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Kreuzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Borchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6048-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Dorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"B\u00fccklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Subklewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0036-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Tomsitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5718-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Heinzerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentine Pia","family":"Altefrohne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hanssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Wennborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Haverkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Apel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Holzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1663-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Schlaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hinrich","family":"Abken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9559-8575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Kutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"von Bergwelt-Baildon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407417","article-title":"Final, 10-year outcomes with nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"392","author":"Wolchok","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2267","article-title":"Primary and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma","volume":"24","author":"Gide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/21678707.2018.1512402","article-title":"Updates and challenges on treatment with BRAF\/MEK inhibitors in melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Eroglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Orphan Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005755","volume":"10","author":"Chesney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf350","article-title":"Breaking primary checkpoint inhibitor resistance with intermittent alkylating chemotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma: results of a multicentre phase II trial","volume":"194","author":"Haferkamp","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55675-5","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Yamada","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009028","article-title":"Long-term survival follow-up for tebentafusp in previously treated metastatic uveal melanoma","volume":"12","author":"Sacco","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2012.08.014","article-title":"Melanocytes, melanocyte stem cells, and melanoma stem cells","volume":"31","author":"Lang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00452-4","article-title":"Tumor-associated B-cells induce tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance","volume":"8","author":"Somasundaram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9328","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-1343","article-title":"A tumorigenic subpopulation with stem cell properties in melanomas","volume":"65","author":"Fang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.437","article-title":"Regression of metastatic melanoma in a patient by antibody targeting of cancer stem cells","volume":"3","author":"Schlaak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.27","article-title":"Targeting CD20 in melanoma patients at high risk of disease recurrence","volume":"20","author":"Pinc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib13","first-page":"2307","article-title":"Five-year follow-up supports curative potential of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1)","volume":"141","author":"Neelapu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0564-6","article-title":"Clinical lessons learned from the first leg of the CAR T cell journey","volume":"25","author":"Majzner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009069108","article-title":"Eradication of melanomas by targeted elimination of a minor subset of tumor cells","volume":"108","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1328368","article-title":"Automated manufacturing and characterization of clinical grade autologous CD20 CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with stage III\/IV melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Aleksandrova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib17","first-page":"93","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more personalized approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.00.240","article-title":"Adoptive cell transfer therapy following non-myeloablative but lymphodepleting chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with refractory metastatic melanoma","volume":"23","author":"Dudley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-552729","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70677","article-title":"Real-world prevalence and prognostic significance of hepatotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","author":"Hollnberger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e459","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00077-2","article-title":"Immune effector cell-associated haematotoxicity after CAR T-cell therapy: from mechanism to management","volume":"11","author":"Rejeski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024027460","article-title":"ZUMA-8: a phase 1 study of brexucabtagene autoleucel in patients with relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"146","author":"Davids","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024965","article-title":"Tumor burden quantified by soluble B-cell maturation antigen and metabolic tumor volume determines myeloma CAR-T outcomes","volume":"145","author":"Freeman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2210233","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy or ipilimumab in advanced melanoma","volume":"387","author":"Rohaan","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-011682","article-title":"Circulating immunoregulatory B cell and autoreactive antibody profiles predict lack of toxicity to anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor treatment in advanced melanoma","volume":"13","author":"Willsmore","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.02.016","article-title":"Regulatory B1a cells suppress melanoma tumor immunity via IL-10 production and inhibiting T helper type 1 cytokine production in tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells","volume":"139","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2022.2104426","article-title":"Enriched circulating and tumor-resident TGF-\u03b2(+) regulatory B cells in patients with melanoma promote FOXP3(+) Tregs","volume":"11","author":"Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01960-7","article-title":"Post-infusion CAR Treg cells identify patients resistant to CD19-CAR therapy","volume":"28","author":"Good","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.01.040","article-title":"Uveal melanoma: trends in incidence, treatment, and survival","volume":"118","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.5465","article-title":"Melanoma stem cells: the dark seed of melanoma","volume":"26","author":"Zabierowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-203130","article-title":"Expression and prognostic value of putative cancer stem cell markers CD117 and CD15 in choroidal and ciliary body melanoma","volume":"69","author":"Lukenda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.21357","article-title":"Immunotargeting of tumor subpopulations in melanoma patients: a paradigm shift in therapy approaches","volume":"1","author":"Maurer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljad502","article-title":"Targeting CD20-expressing malignant melanoma cells augments BRAF inhibitor killing","volume":"190","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4184","article-title":"Anti-CD20 antibody promotes cancer escape via enrichment of tumor-evoked regulatory B cells expressing low levels of CD20 and CD137L","volume":"73","author":"Bodogai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-008659","article-title":"Safety and biological outcomes following a phase 1 trial of GD2-specific CAR-T cells in patients with GD2-positive metastatic melanoma and other solid cancers","volume":"12","author":"Gargett","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-22-0486","article-title":"Phase I trial of autologous RNA-electroporated cMET-directed CAR T cells administered intravenously in patients with melanoma and breast carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061450","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for metastatic melanoma: challenges and road ahead","volume":"10","author":"Soltantoyeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926015625?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959804926015625?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:27:37Z","timestamp":1792654057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959804926015625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0959804926015625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8049","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Outcomes of CD20-targeting CAR T-cell therapy in patients with advanced melanoma: MB-CART20.1 Melanoma phase I trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2026.117780","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117780"}}