{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:26:07Z","timestamp":1775183167445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) present with exercise-induced hyperpnea, but its pathophysiological mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to determine the relationship between exercise-induced hyperpnea, resting haemodynamic measurements and the validity of ventilatory response (VE\/VCO2 slope) as a mortality predictor in CHF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-eight CHF patients (90M\/8F) underwent a symptom-limited treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Right heart catheterization and radionuclide ventriculography were performed within 72 h of CPET.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven patients died from cardiac causes during 20\u00b16 months follow-up. Non-survivors had a lower peak oxygen consumption (VO2p), (16.5\u00b14.9 vs. 20.2\u00b16.1, ml\/kg\/min, p=0.003), a steeper VE\/VCO2 slope (34.8\u00b18.3 vs. 28.9\u00b14.8, p&amp;lt;0.001) and a higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (19.5\u00b18.6 vs. 11.7\u00b16.5 mm Hg, p=0.008) than survivors. By multivariate survival analysis, the VE\/VCO2 slope as a continuous variable was an independent prognostic factor (\u03c72: 8.5, relative risk: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.18, p=0.004). Overall mortality was 52% in patients with VE\/VCO2 slope \u226534 and 18% in those with VE\/VCO2 slope &amp;lt;34 (log rank: 18.5, p&amp;lt;0.001). In a subgroup of patients (VO2p: 10\u201318 ml\/kg\/min), VE\/VCO2 slope was a significant predictor of mortality (relative risk: 6.2, 95% CI: 1.7\u201322.2, p=0.002). Patients with high VE\/VCO2 slope had higher resting PCWP (19.9\u00b19.1 vs. 11.3\u00b15.7 mmHg, p&amp;lt;0.001) and VE\/VCO2 slope correlated significantly with PCWP (r: 0.57, p&amp;lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The VE\/VCO2 slope, as an index of ventilatory response to exercise, improves the risk stratification of CHF patients. Interstitial pulmonary oedema may be a pathophysiological mechanism of inefficient ventilation during exercise in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,29]],"date-time":"2005-11-29T08:49:43Z","timestamp":1133254183000},"page":"420-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["<i>V<\/i>\n                    E\/\n                    <i>V<\/i>\n                    CO2 Slope is Associated with Abnormal Resting Haemodynamics and is a Predictor of Long-Term Survival in Chronic Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Serafim N.","family":"Nanas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing And Rehabilitation Laboratory, \u201cEvgenidio\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John N.","family":"Nanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Therapeutics Department, \u201cAlexandra\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios Ch.","family":"Sakellariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing And Rehabilitation Laboratory, \u201cEvgenidio\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavros K.","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing And Rehabilitation Laboratory, \u201cEvgenidio\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavros G.","family":"Drakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Therapeutics Department, \u201cAlexandra\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smaragdo G.","family":"Kapsimalakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing And Rehabilitation Laboratory, \u201cEvgenidio\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Mpatziou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Therapeutics Department, \u201cAlexandra\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ourania G.","family":"Papazachou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing And Rehabilitation Laboratory, \u201cEvgenidio\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anargyros S.","family":"Dalianis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Therapeutics Department, \u201cAlexandra\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens \u00a0","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria I.","family":"Anastasiou-Nana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Therapeutics Department, \u201cAlexandra\u201d Hospital, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens 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