{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T12:33:26Z","timestamp":1790944406046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,28]],"date-time":"2006-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1161993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the epidemiology of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in patients admitted to intensive and coronary care units (ICU\/CCU). Observational data may improve disease management and guide the design of clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EFICA is an observational study of the clinical profile, management and survival of ADHF patients admitted to ICU\/CCU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 599 patients admitted to 60 ICU\/CCUs across France. Relevant data was recorded during hospitalisation. Survival was assessed at 4 weeks and 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main cause of ADHF was ischaemic heart disease (61%); 29% of patients had cardiogenic shock. Mortality was 27.4% at 4 weeks and 46.5% at 1 year, increasing to 43.2% and 62.5%, respectively, when including pre-admission deaths. Shock patients had the highest [57.8% vs. 15.2% without shock (p&amp;lt;0.001)] and patients with hypertension and pulmonary oedema had the lowest 4-week mortality: (7%). Pre-admission NYHA class III\u2013IV heart failure, not initial clinical presentation, influenced 1-year mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADHF is a heterogeneous syndrome. Based on initial clinical presentation, three entities with distinct features and outcome may be described: cardiogenic shock, pulmonary oedema with hypertension, and \u2018decompensated\u2019 chronic heart failure. This should be taken into account in future observational studies, guidelines and clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,4]],"date-time":"2006-03-04T07:25:00Z","timestamp":1141457100000},"page":"697-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":285,"title":["Clinical Profile, Contemporary Management and One-Year Mortality in Patients with Severe Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: The EFICA Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Faiez","family":"Zannad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Nancy \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mebazaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, H\u00f4pital Laribois\u00e8re , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Juilli\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Nancy \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Cohen-Solal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beaujon Hospital \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Guize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of HEGP \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Nancy \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Roug\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Blin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icare, Massy \u00a0","place":["France"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pharmacologie, Universit\u00e9 Victor S\u00e9galen , Bordeaux 2 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Barlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icare, Massy \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Paolozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orion Pharma \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orion Pharma \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Desnos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of HEGP \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Samii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse \u00a0","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the EFICA Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020203533751600_ejhf2006-01-001-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.150","article-title":"The problem of decompensated heart failure: nomenclature, classification, and risk stratification","volume":"145","author":"Felker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203533751600_ejhf2006-01-001-bib-0002","volume-title":"French National Database","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020203533751600_ejhf2006-01-001-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1053\/hj.1999.v137.95495","article-title":"Hospitalization of patients with heart failure: national hospital discharge survey, 1985 to 1995","volume":"137","author":"Haldeman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2026020203533751600_ejhf2006-01-001-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1762","article-title":"A national survey of heart failure in French hospitals. 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