{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:01:31Z","timestamp":1770822091498,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,22]],"date-time":"2008-02-22T16:58:34Z","timestamp":1203699514000},"page":"181-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Microscopic colitis: A common and an easily overlooked cause of chronic diarrhoea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Nyhlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Bohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sune","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Curt","family":"Tysk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.suppl_5.v1","article-title":"Guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea, 2nd edition","volume":"52","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200411000-00020","article-title":"Microscopic colitis: an update","volume":"10","author":"Pardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib3","first-page":"87","article-title":"\u2018Collagenous colitis\u2019 with watery diarrhoea\u2014a new entity?","volume":"11","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pathol Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90198-6","article-title":"Lymphocytic (\u201cmicroscopic\u201d) colitis: a comparative histopathologic study with particular reference to collagenous colitis","volume":"20","author":"Lazenby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.014431","article-title":"Microscopic colitis: a common diarrhoeal disease. An epidemiological study in Orebro, Sweden, 1993\u20131998","volume":"53","author":"Olesen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.105890","article-title":"The epidemiology of microscopic colitis: a population based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"56","author":"Pardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-006-0258-7","article-title":"Microscopic colitides: a single center experience in Mexico","volume":"22","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib8","first-page":"403","volume":"84","author":"Fekih","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02640.x","article-title":"Microscopic colitis","volume":"17","author":"Tagkalidis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199601000-00004","article-title":"Microscopic colitis is a cause of large bowel diarrhea in Northern India","volume":"22","author":"Garg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015058611858","article-title":"Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis in Iceland","volume":"47","author":"Agnarsdottir","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.3.394","article-title":"Collagenous colitis in Orebro, Sweden, an epidemiological study 1984\u20131993","volume":"37","author":"Bohr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(98)00751-5","article-title":"Incidence of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis: a 5-year population-based study","volume":"94","author":"Fernandez-Banares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib14","first-page":"A84","article-title":"Microscopic colitis in Tayside: clinical features, associations, and behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Heron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib15","first-page":"A23","article-title":"Incidence of collagenous colitis. A retrospective study in the east of France","volume":"106","author":"Raclot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib16","first-page":"A99","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical features of collagenous colitis in Lothian","volume":"54","author":"Rajan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"suppl V","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib17","first-page":"A111","article-title":"Collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis in \u00d6rebro, Sweden 1999\u20132004; a continuous epidemiological study","volume":"55","author":"Wickbom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.10.031","article-title":"Microscopic colitis-defining incidence rates and risk factors: a population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.6.846","article-title":"Collagenous colitis: a retrospective study of clinical presentation and treatment in 163 patients","volume":"39","author":"Bohr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00424.x","article-title":"Collagenous colitis and eosinophilic gastritis in a 4-year old girl: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"96","author":"Benchimol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.023440","article-title":"Lymphocytic colitis: a retrospective clinical study of 199 Swedish patients","volume":"53","author":"Olesen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.07030.x","article-title":"Lymphocytic colitis: clinical features, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"97","author":"Pardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl VII","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib23","first-page":"A183","article-title":"Health-related quality of life is impaired in patients with collagenous colitis","volume":"54","author":"Hjortswang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-004-0660-y","article-title":"Oral budesonide therapy improves quality of life in patients with collagenous colitis","volume":"20","author":"Madisch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200501000-00022","article-title":"Colonic perforation in collagenous colitis: an unusual complication","volume":"17","author":"Bohr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200404000-00008","article-title":"Fractured colon: an endoscopically distinctive lesion associated with colonic perforation following colonoscopy in patients with collagenous colitis","volume":"38","author":"Sherman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.3780050107","article-title":"Cancer risk in collagenous colitis","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20059","article-title":"Symptomatic overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and microscopic colitis","volume":"13","author":"Limsui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i9.1351","article-title":"Microscopic colitis: a retrospective study of clinical presentation in 53 patients","volume":"11","author":"Barta","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.1.73","article-title":"Autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in collagenous colitis","volume":"39","author":"Bohr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.170","article-title":"Role of bile acids and bile acid binding agents in patients with collagenous colitis","volume":"46","author":"Ung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2002.01341.x","article-title":"\u2018Microscopic colitis\u2019: classification and terminology","volume":"40","author":"Warren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.1.65","article-title":"Distribution of collagenous colitis: utility of flexible sigmoidoscopy","volume":"33","author":"Tanaka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328058ed76","article-title":"Metabolic and inflammatory faecal markers in collagenous colitis","volume":"19","author":"Wildt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02561.x","article-title":"Review article: drug-induced microscopic colitis \u2014 proposal for a scoring system and review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Beaugerie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024127713979","article-title":"Collagenous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile: a cause effect?","volume":"48","author":"Erim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529950172925","article-title":"Lymphocytic colitis: a clue to an infectious trigger","volume":"34","author":"Perk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520212509","article-title":"Yersinia species in collagenous colitis: a serologic study","volume":"37","author":"Bohr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018836614448","article-title":"Collagenous colitis and Yersinia enterocolitica infection","volume":"43","author":"Makinen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000180634.84689.c2","article-title":"Seasonal pattern of onset in lymphocytic colitis","volume":"39","author":"LaSala","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.256.4.484","article-title":"An outbreak of a newly recognized chronic diarrhea syndrome associated with raw milk consumption","volume":"256","author":"Osterholm","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199609000-00008","article-title":"Colonic epithelial lymphocytosis associated with an epidemic of chronic diarrhea","volume":"20","author":"Bryant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34784","article-title":"Mechanisms of diarrhea in collagenous colitis","volume":"123","author":"Burgel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000051928","article-title":"Effect of fasting on diarrhoea in collagenous colitis","volume":"65","author":"Bohr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310000465","article-title":"Luminal nitric oxide and epithelial expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in collagenous and lymphocytic colitis","volume":"38","author":"Olesen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30295","article-title":"Budesonide in collagenous colitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with histologic follow-up","volume":"122","author":"Baert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36042","article-title":"Budesonide treatment for collagenous colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"123","author":"Miehlke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.248","article-title":"Budesonide treatment of collagenous colitis: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with morphometric analysis","volume":"52","author":"Bonderup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib49","first-page":"CD003575","article-title":"Interventions for treating collagenous colitis","author":"Chande","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl III","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib50","first-page":"A156","article-title":"Budesonide for treatment of lymphocytic colitis \u2014 a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Miehlke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl III","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib51","first-page":"A155","article-title":"Budesonide for maintenance treatment of collagenous colitis \u2014 a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Miehlke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310002210","article-title":"Incomplete remission with short-term prednisolone treatment in collagenous colitis: a randomized study","volume":"38","author":"Munck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib53","first-page":"A880","article-title":"Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of bismuth subsalicylate for microscopic colitis","volume":"116","author":"Fine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04511.x","article-title":"Mesalazine with or without cholestyramine in the treatment of microscopic colitis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"22","author":"Calabrese","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000218763.99334.49","article-title":"Probiotic treatment of collagenous colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis.","volume":"12","author":"Wildt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-007-0364-1","article-title":"Boswellia serrata extract for the treatment of collagenous colitis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"22","author":"Madisch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.23976","article-title":"Treatment of refractory microscopic colitis with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine","volume":"120","author":"Pardi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05128.x","article-title":"Collagenous colitis: oral low-dose methotrexate for patients with difficult symptoms: long-term outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Riddell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.1.154-b","article-title":"Faecal stream diversion in patients with collagenous colitis","volume":"38","author":"Jarnerot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6126-z","article-title":"Lymphocytic colitis treated with proctocolectomy and ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis: report of a case","volume":"45","author":"Varghese","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib61","first-page":"57","article-title":"Collagenous colitis: histopathology and clinical course","volume":"92","author":"Goff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.3780060204","article-title":"Short- and long-term follow-up of treatment for lymphocytic and collagenous colitis","volume":"6","author":"Bonner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.5.629","article-title":"Lymphocytic colitis: clinical presentation and long term course","volume":"43","author":"Mullhaupt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620508000423?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620508000423?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T13:57:50Z","timestamp":1546264670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620508000423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0953620508000423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2008.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}