{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:26:06Z","timestamp":1780079166609,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ejinme.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T05:17:48Z","timestamp":1470201468000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Frailty and sarcopenia: From theory to clinical implementation and public health relevance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cesari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Nobili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4","article-title":"Ageing populations: the challenges ahead","volume":"374","author":"Christensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0010","series-title":"World report on ageing and health","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0015","author":"Royal College of Physicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.09.031","article-title":"The end of the disease era","volume":"116","author":"Tinetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.005","article-title":"The geriatric management of frailty as paradigm of \u201cthe end of the disease era\u201d","volume":"31","author":"Cesari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0030","first-page":"118","article-title":"European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) Working Group on \u201cFrailty in older persons\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Cesari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00745.x","article-title":"Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society\/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults","volume":"54","author":"Walston","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0045","series-title":"Principles of geriatric medicine and gerontology","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Frailty and failure to thrive","author":"Fried","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0050","series-title":"Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology","first-page":"631","article-title":"Frailty","author":"Fried","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0205-8","article-title":"Target population for clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Studenski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.12.003","article-title":"Frailty assessment instruments: systematic characterization of the uses and contexts of highly-cited instruments","volume":"26","author":"Buta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2001.58","article-title":"Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging","volume":"1","author":"Mitnitski","year":"2001","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","article-title":"A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people","volume":"173","author":"Rockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft160","article-title":"The frailty phenotype and the frailty index: different instruments for different purposes","volume":"43","author":"Cesari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0095","first-page":"92","article-title":"Predictive value of frailty indices for adverse outcomes in older adults","volume":"68","author":"P\u00e9rez-Zepeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Investig Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw039","article-title":"Development and validation of an electronic frailty index using routine primary care electronic health record data","volume":"45","author":"Clegg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv137","article-title":"Frailty index and incident mortality, hospitalization, and institutionalization in Alzheimer's disease: data from the ICTUS study","volume":"71","author":"Kelaiditi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-015-0026-z","article-title":"Derivation of a frailty index from the interRAI acute care instrument","volume":"15","author":"Hubbard","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000753","article-title":"A frailty index predicts survival and incident multimorbidity independent of markers of HIV disease severity","volume":"29","author":"Guaraldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.02.007","article-title":"How the frailty index may support the allocation of health care resources: an example from the INCUR study","volume":"17","author":"Cesari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/aft010","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between national economic indicators and relative fitness and frailty in middle-aged and older Europeans","volume":"42","author":"Theou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.113","article-title":"Comparison of 2 frailty indexes for prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and death in older women","volume":"168","author":"Ensrud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","article-title":"A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.11.003","article-title":"The Tilburg frailty indicator: psychometric properties","volume":"11","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw048","article-title":"Postal screening can identify frailty and predict poor outcomes in older adults: longitudinal data from INTER-FRAIL study","author":"Mossello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101745","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101745","article-title":"A self-reported screening tool for detecting community-dwelling older persons with frailty syndrome in the absence of mobility disability: the FiND questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Cesari","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2007.06.004","article-title":"PRISMA-7: a case-finding tool to identify older adults with moderate to severe disabilities","volume":"47","author":"Raiche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0160","series-title":"Fit for frailty \u2014 consensus best practice guidance for the care of older people living in community and outpatient settings \u2014 a report from the British Geriatrics Society","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x","article-title":"Physical performance measures in the clinical setting","volume":"51","author":"Studenski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","article-title":"Gait speed and survival in older adults","volume":"305","author":"Studenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320902","article-title":"Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70years as a predictor of subsequent disability","volume":"332","author":"Guralnik","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M221","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.4.M221","article-title":"Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery","volume":"55","author":"Guralnik","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53501.x","article-title":"Prognostic value of usual gait speed in well-functioning older people\u2014results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study","volume":"53","author":"Cesari","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02126.x","article-title":"Added value of physical performance measures in predicting adverse health-related events: results from the Health, Aging And Body Composition study","volume":"57","author":"Cesari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03336.x","article-title":"Is timed up and go better than gait speed in predicting health, function, and falls in older adults?","volume":"59","author":"Viccaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u201cup & go\u201d: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln038","article-title":"Chronic inflammation is associated with low physical function in older adults across multiple comorbidities","volume":"64","author":"Brinkley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000181752.16915.5c","article-title":"Common carotid artery intima-media thickness, carotid plaques, and walking speed","volume":"36","author":"Elbaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls196","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics are associated with maximal aerobic capacity and walking speed in older adults","volume":"68","author":"Coen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv043","article-title":"What are frailty instruments for","volume":"44","author":"Rockwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs163","article-title":"The identification of frail older adults in primary care: comparing the accuracy of five simple instruments","volume":"42","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12420","article-title":"Operationalization of frailty using eight commonly used scales and comparison of their ability to predict all-cause mortality","volume":"61","author":"Theou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.04.001","article-title":"Modifications to the frailty phenotype criteria: systematic review of the current literature and investigation of 262 frailty phenotypes in the survey of health, ageing, and retirement in Europe","volume":"21","author":"Theou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5594.723","volume":"1","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt053","article-title":"Implementing frailty into clinical practice: a cautionary tale","volume":"68","author":"Sourial","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.02.024","article-title":"Brand new medicine for an older society","volume":"17","author":"Marzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92884-V","article-title":"Comprehensive geriatric assessment: a meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"342","author":"Stuck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198412273112604","article-title":"Effectiveness of a geriatric evaluation unit. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0265","first-page":"207","article-title":"Continuous geriatric care in orthopedic wards: a valuable alternative to orthogeriatric units","volume":"5","author":"Antonelli Incalzi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a5a045","article-title":"Orthogeriatric care models and outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Grigoryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03614.x","article-title":"The feasibility of inpatient geriatric assessment for older adults receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"59","author":"Klepin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2009.11.008","article-title":"Assessment and treatment of elderly patients with cancer","volume":"19","author":"Balducci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.12.016","article-title":"Frailty: an emerging public health priority","volume":"17","author":"Cesari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-016-0038-7","article-title":"Giving voice to older adults living with frailty and their family caregivers: engagement of older adults living with frailty in research, health care decision making, and in health policy","volume":"2","author":"Holroyd-Leduc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Involvement Engagement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu258","article-title":"Frailty in people aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection","volume":"210","author":"Brothers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000556","article-title":"Geriatric syndromes in older HIV-infected adults","volume":"69","author":"Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt168","article-title":"Is HIV a model of accelerated or accentuated aging?","volume":"69","author":"Pathai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03925.x","article-title":"Frailty and disability in older adults with intellectual disabilities: results from the healthy ageing and intellectual disability study","volume":"60","author":"Evenhuis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.04.012","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in older people: position statement on behalf of the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG), the European Diabetes Working Party for Older People (EDWPOP), and the International Task Force of Experts in Diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Sinclair","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(02)00121-X","article-title":"The relationship between aging and carcinogenesis: a critical appraisal","volume":"45","author":"Anisimov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt073","article-title":"Functional status and mortality in older women with gynecological cancer","volume":"68","author":"Cesari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.039","article-title":"Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"56","author":"Afilalo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000435853","article-title":"In search of \u2018omics\u2019-based biomarkers to predict risk of frailty and its consequences in older individuals: the FRAILOMIC Initiative","volume":"62","author":"Erusalimsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.990S","article-title":"Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01135","article-title":"Stochastic and genetic factors influence tissue-specific decline in ageing C. elegans","volume":"419","author":"Herndon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr046","article-title":"Of Greek heroes, wiggling worms, mighty mice, and old body builders","volume":"67","author":"Ferrucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-009-0204-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia: clinical evaluation, biological markers and other evaluation tools","volume":"13","author":"Pahor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0078-2","article-title":"Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials\u2014recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia","volume":"3","author":"Cesari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0100-y","article-title":"Estimation of lean body weight in older women with hip fracture","volume":"16","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009520","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico","volume":"147","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0375","first-page":"147","article-title":"Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: development and validation of anthropometric prediction equations","volume":"1","author":"Visvanathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51534.x","article-title":"Sarcopenia: alternative definitions and associations with lower extremity function","volume":"51","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01140.x","article-title":"Alternative definitions of sarcopenia, lower extremity performance, and functional impairment with aging in older men and women","volume":"55","author":"Delmonico","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.3.324","article-title":"Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons","volume":"60","author":"Visser","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gln031","article-title":"Skeletal muscle and mortality results from the InCHIANTI study","volume":"64","author":"Cesari","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.12.004","article-title":"Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by special interest groups (SIG) \u201ccachexia\u2013anorexia in chronic wasting diseases\u201d and \u201cnutrition in geriatrics\u201d","volume":"29","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","article-title":"Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People","volume":"39","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.04.014","article-title":"Sarcopenia with limited mobility: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Morley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.01.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International Working Group on Sarcopenia","volume":"12","author":"Fielding","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","article-title":"The FNIH Sarcopenia Project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates","volume":"69","author":"Studenski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu011","article-title":"Grip strength cutpoints for the identification of clinically relevant weakness","volume":"69","author":"Alley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu023","article-title":"Cutpoints for low appendicular lean mass that identify older adults with clinically significant weakness","volume":"69","author":"Cawthon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu012","article-title":"Criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project","volume":"69","author":"McLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu013","article-title":"An evidence-based comparison of operational criteria for the presence of sarcopenia","volume":"69","author":"Dam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007","article-title":"Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group","volume":"33","author":"Deutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0455","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel therapeutic options for cachexia and sarcopenia","author":"Molfino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0149-7","article-title":"Are we closer to having drugs to treat muscle wasting disease","volume":"5","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00192","article-title":"Sarcopenia and physical frailty: two sides of the same coin","volume":"6","author":"Cesari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2015.12.015","article-title":"Sarcopenia and frailty: from theoretical approach into clinical practice","volume":"7","author":"Landi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2013.02.009","article-title":"Sarcopenia: a useful paradigm for physical frailty","volume":"4","author":"Cruz-jentoft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0132-3","article-title":"From sarcopenia to frailty: a road less traveled","volume":"5","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.03.018","article-title":"Frailty: the pleasure and pain of geriatric medicine","volume":"31","author":"Onder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982704","article-title":"Sarcopenia: its assessment, etiology, pathogenesis, consequences and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Rolland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-34","article-title":"Physical function and self-rated health status as predictors of mortality: results from longitudinal analysis in the ilSIRENTE study","volume":"8","author":"Cesari","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0500","first-page":"207","article-title":"Innovative Medicines Initiative: the SPRINTT Project","volume":"4","author":"Marzetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021_bb0505","first-page":"29","article-title":"Operationalization of the physical frailty & sarcopenia syndrome: rationale and clinical implementation","volume":"13","author":"Marzetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Med UniSa"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095362051630228X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095362051630228X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,14]],"date-time":"2018-07-14T23:45:40Z","timestamp":1531611940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095362051630228X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":101,"alternative-id":["S095362051630228X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Frailty and sarcopenia: From theory to clinical implementation and public health relevance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}