{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:20:41Z","timestamp":1792790441534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T16:51:16Z","timestamp":1651942276000},"page":"24-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":342,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Low serum albumin: A neglected predictor in patients with cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Antonis A.","family":"Manolis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora A.","family":"Manolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Melita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri P.","family":"Mikhailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis S.","family":"Manolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.053","article-title":"Structure, enzymatic activities, glycation and therapeutic potential of human serum albumin: a natural cargo","volume":"123","author":"Rabbani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancard.2020.07.012","article-title":"Serum albumin and cardiovascular disease: state-of-the-art review","volume":"69","author":"Arques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6103","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.22.6103","article-title":"The sequence of human serum albumin cDNA and its expression in E. coli","volume":"9","author":"Lawn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.04.014","article-title":"Human serum albumin in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"52","author":"Arques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0005","first-page":"e21743","article-title":"Novel insights about albumin in cardiovascular diseases: focus on heart failure","author":"Zoanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom Rev"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328201900408","article-title":"Effect of human plasma proteins on stabilisation of platelet anti-aggregatory activity of prostacyclin","volume":"19","author":"Mikhailidis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.04.018","article-title":"Histone induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by normal albumin","volume":"132","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S102819","article-title":"Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements","volume":"9","author":"Levitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-017-0111-x","article-title":"Critical appraisal of the role of serum albumin in cardiovascular disease","volume":"5","author":"Chien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.07.020","article-title":"Low albumin levels are associated with mortality risk in hospitalized patients","volume":"130","author":"Akirov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.095","article-title":"Review: roles of human serum albumin in prediction, diagnoses and treatment of COVID-19","volume":"193","author":"Rabbani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2001.0438","article-title":"The meaning of hypoalbuminaemia in clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Franch-Arcas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-012-0802-0","volume":"7","author":"Gatta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1451","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia: pathogenesis and clinical significance","volume":"43","author":"Soeters","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.04.057","article-title":"The antioxidant properties of serum albumin","volume":"582","author":"Roche","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182997","article-title":"Anticoagulant action of low, physiologic, and high albumin levels in whole blood","volume":"12","author":"Paar","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.02.010","article-title":"Human serum albumin in the clinical syndrome of heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Arques","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1412827","article-title":"Non-oncotic properties of albumin. a multidisciplinary vision about the implications for critically ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Ferrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02189.x","article-title":"Sex differences in the association between albumin and all-cause and vascular mortality","volume":"39","author":"Grimm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291404","article-title":"The urea reduction ratio and serum albumin concentration as predictors of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis","volume":"329","author":"Owen","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.04.015","article-title":"Albumin levels and cause-specific mortality in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"112","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066620963875","article-title":"Association between albumin level and mortality among cardiac intensive care unit patients","volume":"36","author":"Padkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intens Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)00105-3","article-title":"Low serum albumin. association with diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors but not with prevalent cardiovascular disease or carotid artery intima-media thickness. the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study investigators","volume":"5","author":"Folsom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17313","article-title":"Serum albumin and risks of hospitalization and death: findings from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"69","author":"Shannon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.51.221","article-title":"Low serum albumin levels and in-hospital adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Hartopo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.04.003","article-title":"Association of low serum albumin concentration and adverse cardiovascular events in stable coronary heart disease","volume":"241","author":"Chien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj312","article-title":"Change of serum albumin and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: longitudinal aging study amsterdam","volume":"164","author":"Schalk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.12.014","article-title":"Impact of serum albumin levels on long-term all-cause, cardiovascular, and cardiac mortality in patients with first-onset acute myocardial infarction","volume":"477","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13640","article-title":"Prognostic impact of follow-up serum albumin after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313681","article-title":"Plasma albumin and incident cardiovascular disease: results from the cgps and an updated meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Ronit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-017-0981-8","article-title":"Impact of serum albumin levels on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"32","author":"Wada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.11.005","article-title":"Long-term clinical impact of serum albumin in coronary artery disease patients with preserved renal function","volume":"28","author":"Wada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.06.003","article-title":"Low serum albumin levels and in-hospital outcomes in patients with st segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"31","author":"Biccir\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2019.08.019","article-title":"Changes over time in serum albumin levels predict outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"75","author":"Shiyovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714526035","article-title":"Serum albumin levels on admission are associated with angiographic no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"66","author":"Kurtul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714550309","article-title":"Contrast-Induced nephropathy: an \"All or none\" phenomenon?","volume":"66","author":"Katsiki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2020.01.583","article-title":"Serum albumin and the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319714551979","article-title":"Impact of serum albumin levels on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"66","author":"Murat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2021.10.043","article-title":"Serum albumin and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction (from the hagakure-acs registry)","volume":"165","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.11.043","article-title":"Albumin levels predict survival in patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"155","author":"Horwich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr154","article-title":"Albumin levels predict survival in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014716","article-title":"Serum albumin is a marker of myocardial fibrosis, adverse pulsatile aortic hemodynamics, and prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"9","author":"Prenner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.09.004","article-title":"Serum albumin and mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure","volume":"160","author":"Uthamalingam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243818","article-title":"Association of an increase in serum albumin levels with positive 1-year outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure: a cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Kato","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23153","article-title":"Low serum albumin: a significant predictor of reduced survival in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Gotsman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2016.01.015","article-title":"Clinical implications of serum albumin levels in acute heart failure: insights from dose-ahf and rose-ahf","volume":"22","author":"Grodin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1652686","article-title":"Prediction of all-cause mortality with hypoalbuminemia in patients with heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24785","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024785","article-title":"Prognostic role of albumin level in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"El Iskandarani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.1894","article-title":"Decreased serum albumin predicts hypertension in a Japanese health screening population","volume":"53","author":"Oda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89775-3","article-title":"Genetically determined hypoalbuminemia as a risk factor for hypertension: instrumental variable analysis","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.3030","article-title":"Serum albumin may prevent hypertension by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme","volume":"53","author":"Oda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0052","article-title":"A retrospective study to determine the association between serum albumin levels and atrial fibrillation by sex in 950 patients from a single center in china","volume":"28","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.01.031","article-title":"Validation of cardiac damage classification and addition of albumin in a large cohort of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"304","author":"Berkovitch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.08.015","article-title":"The effect and relationship of frailty indices on survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"13","author":"Kiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2019.03.524","article-title":"Serum albumin in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.19-395","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of the impact of pre-procedural serum albumin on mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306970","article-title":"Hypoalbuminaemia predicts outcome in adult patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"101","author":"Kempny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.082","article-title":"Wait-List outcomes for adults with congenital heart disease listed for heart transplantation in the U.S","volume":"68","author":"Alshawabkeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.1.53","article-title":"Mortality from infective endocarditis: clinical predictors of outcome","volume":"88","author":"Wallace","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu188","article-title":"Clinical features, microbiology and surgical outcomes of infective endocarditis: a 13-year study from a UK tertiary cardiothoracic referral centre","volume":"108","author":"Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-3913","article-title":"Preoperative serum albumin: a promising indicator of early mortality after surgery for infective endocarditis","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22954","article-title":"Serum albumin concentration as an independent prognostic indicator in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Snipelisky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2021.05.047","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia is associated with mortality in patients undergoing lower extremity amputation","volume":"77","author":"Chahrour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.08.043","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia predicts perioperative morbidity and mortality after infrainguinal lower extremity bypass for critical limb ischemia","volume":"41","author":"Peacock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0065","article-title":"Prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio for long-term outcomes of patients with peripheral arterial disease underwent endovascular treatment","author":"S\u00fcleymano\u011flu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vascular"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0066","article-title":"Association between CRP\/Albumin ratio and long-term mortality in patients with cHronIc limb-threatening ischemia undergoing endovascular therapy below the knee: the ACHILES-BTK registry","author":"Pan\u00e7","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197221075853","article-title":"Elevated C-Reactive protein\/albumin ratio is associated with lesion complexity, multilevel involvement, and adverse outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0004272021","article-title":"Stroke in hemodialysis patients randomized to different intravenous iron strategies: a prespecified analysis from the pivotal trial","volume":"2","author":"Mark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.6931","article-title":"Serum albumin and cerebro-cardiovascular mortality during a 15-year study in a community-based cohort in Tanushimaru, a cohort of the seven countries study","volume":"55","author":"Umeki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2020-000676","article-title":"Low serum albumin levels predict poor outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17636-0","article-title":"Associations of cardiovascular biomarkers and plasma albumin with exceptional survival to the highest ages","volume":"11","author":"Hirata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0072","first-page":"51","article-title":"Increased prevalence of elevated urinary albumin excretion rate in type 2 diabetic patients suffering from ischemic foot lesions","volume":"105","author":"Zander","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(96)01218-1","article-title":"The prognostic value of albuminuria for the development of cardiovascular disease and retinopathy: a 5-year follow-up of 451 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Agardh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91401-S","article-title":"Urinary albumin excretion, cardiovascular disease, and endothelial dysfunction in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"340","author":"Stehouwer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.21005","article-title":"Elevated admission microalbuminuria predicts poor myocardial blood flow and 6-month mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2165\/11539220-000000000-00000","article-title":"The effects of hypoalbuminaemia on optimizing antibacterial dosing in critically ill patients","volume":"50","author":"Ulldemolins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02092-w","article-title":"Albumin and bleed risk in rivaroxaban treated patients","volume":"50","author":"Wojakowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.695961","article-title":"Impaired clinical efficacy of aspirin in hypoalbuminemic patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Sciacqua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11600918","article-title":"Serum and urine albumin and response to loop diuretics in heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Charokopos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.12.015","article-title":"Albumin caused the increasing production of angiotensin ii due to the dysregulation of ACE\/ACE2 expression in HK2 cells","volume":"403","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000894","article-title":"The controversy of renin-angiotensin-system blocker facilitation versus countering COVID-19 infection","volume":"76","author":"Manolis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248358","article-title":"Higher albumin levels on admission predict better prognosis in patients with confirmed COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"Kheir","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215134","article-title":"Severe hypoalbuminemia at admission is strongly associated with worse prognosis in older adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"10","author":"Arnau-Barr\u00e9s","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0084","first-page":"e0527","article-title":"Linear association between hypoalbuminemia and increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill adults","volume":"3","author":"McNeil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SLA.0000055547.93484.87","article-title":"Hypoalbuminemia in acute illness: is there a rationale for intervention? a meta-analysis of cohort studies and controlled trials","volume":"237","author":"Vincent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.02.009","article-title":"Serum albumin and health in older people: review and meta analysis","volume":"81","author":"Cabrerizo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/14017431.2020.1762918","article-title":"Serum albumin, cardiometabolic and other adverse outcomes: systematic review and meta-analyses of 48 published observational cohort studies involving 1,492,237 participants","volume":"54","author":"Seidu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20190881","article-title":"Serum albumin level for prediction of all-cause mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02204-2","article-title":"Serum albumin and risk of cardiovascular events in primary and secondary prevention: a systematic review of observational studies and Bayesian meta-regression analysis","volume":"15","author":"Pignatelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.07.007","article-title":"Ischemia modified albumin, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein and natriuretic peptide in patients with coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"408","author":"Kazanis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2010.513449","article-title":"Current role of ischemia-modified albumin in routine clinical practice","volume":"15","author":"Dominguez-Rodriguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072764.18315.6B","article-title":"Ischemia modified albumin is a sensitive marker of myocardial ischemia after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"107","author":"Sinha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.013","article-title":"Ischemia-modified albumin, a predictive marker of major adverse cardiovascular events in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"46","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.08.031","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of ischemia-modified albumin and NT-proBNP in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease","volume":"438","author":"Falkensammer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.12.013","article-title":"Uric acid and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review","volume":"78","author":"Saito","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.006","article-title":"Elevated serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in people with suspected or definite coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"254","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197211066362","article-title":"A new predictor of mortality in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: the uric acid albumin ratio","volume":"73","author":"Kalkan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.2.237","volume":"99","author":"Koenig","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032804","article-title":"C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease","volume":"350","author":"Danesh","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8840","article-title":"C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: from animal studies to the clinic (Review)","volume":"20","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02431-6","article-title":"Independent and joint effects of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein and hypoalbuminemia on long-term all-cause mortality among coronary artery disease: a prospective and multicenter cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13550","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13550","article-title":"The value of C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio in predicting long-term mortality among HFrEF patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators","volume":"51","author":"\u00c7inier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0000000000001021","article-title":"C-reactive protein-to-serum albumin ratio as a novel predictor of long-term outcomes in coronary artery disease patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention: analysis of a real-world retrospective cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-00319-x","article-title":"Fluids in ARDS: more pros than cons","volume":"8","author":"Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410180063012","article-title":"Albumin supplementation in the critically ill. a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"125","author":"Foley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.05.015","article-title":"Clinical indications for the albumin use: still a controversial issue","volume":"24","author":"Caraceni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000838","article-title":"Role of albumin in the treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis","author":"Trebicka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257858","article-title":"Evaluation of albumin use in a community hospital setting: a retrospective study looking at appropriate use and prescribing patterns","volume":"16","author":"Coyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0110","first-page":"216","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of albumin and immunoglobulins","volume":"7","author":"Liumbruno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.04.019","article-title":"Fluid management in sepsis: the potential beneficial effects of albumin","volume":"35","author":"Vincent","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.04.012","article-title":"Novel insights into the pleiotropic effects of human serum albumin in health and disease","volume":"1830","author":"Ha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00201.2001","article-title":"Effects of albumin supplementation on microvascular permeability in septic patients","volume":"92","author":"Margarson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305727","article-title":"Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock","volume":"370","author":"Caironi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-018-0269-0","article-title":"Effect of oral branched-chain amino acids on serum albumin concentration in heart failure patients with hypoalbuminemia: results of a preliminary study","volume":"18","author":"Uchino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620522001819?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620522001819?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T09:35:58Z","timestamp":1760607358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620522001819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":115,"alternative-id":["S0953620522001819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low serum albumin: A neglected predictor in patients with cardiovascular disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}