{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T22:33:27Z","timestamp":1793486007891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T19:01:22Z","timestamp":1659294082000},"page":"66-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A machine learning approach to characterize patients with asthma exacerbation attending an acute care setting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"D'Amato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Ambrosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Simioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Agnese","family":"Stanziola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"D'Addio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Molino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Maniscalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.00008114","article-title":"National and regional asthma programmes in Europe","volume":"24","author":"Selroos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000338998","article-title":"The cost of persistent asthma in Europe: an international population-based study in adults","volume":"160","author":"Accordini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.919","article-title":"Prospective multicenter study of relapse following treatment for acute asthma among adults presenting to the emergency department. MARC investigators. Multicenter Asthma Research Collaboration","volume":"115","author":"Emerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01242-1","article-title":"A prospective multicenter study of factors associated with hospital admission among adults with acute asthma","volume":"113","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00037905","article-title":"Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"26","author":"ten Brinke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.267450","article-title":"Association of blood eosinophil and blood neutrophil counts with asthma exacerbations in the copenhagen general population study","volume":"63","author":"Vedel-Krogh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00124-7","article-title":"Baseline FeNO as a prognostic biomarker for subsequent severe asthma exacerbations in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma receiving placebo in the LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST study: a post-hoc analysis","volume":"9","author":"Busse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.03.004","article-title":"Type 2 biomarkers and prediction of future exacerbations and lung function decline in adult asthma","volume":"6","author":"Semprini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201808-1516OC","article-title":"Exacerbation patterns in adults with asthma in England. A population-based study","volume":"199","author":"Bloom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0010","unstructured":"Global Initiative on Asthma. www.ginasthma.org, last accessed June 24, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0011","first-page":"10","article-title":"Improving prosthetic selection and predicting BMD from biometric measurements in patients receiving total hip arthroplasty","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59873-9","article-title":"Assessing cardiovascular risks from a mid-thigh CT image: a tree-based machine learning approach using radiodensitometric distributions","volume":"10","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-019-01789-7","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of diagnostic accuracy of stress-only myocardial perfusion imaging with conventional and cadmium-zinc telluride single-photon emission computed tomography in women with suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"28","author":"Mannarino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0014","first-page":"12","article-title":"A machine learning approach to predict the rehabilitation outcome in convalescent COVID-19 patients","author":"Adamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05489-x","article-title":"The role of machine learning in clinical research: transforming the future of evidence generation","volume":"22","author":"Weissler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8841002","article-title":"Diagnosis of asthma based on routine blood biomarkers using machine learning","volume":"2020","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13439","article-title":"Childhood asthma clusters reveal neutrophil-predominant phenotype with distinct gene expression","volume":"73","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement","volume":"200","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11030448","article-title":"Bidimensional and tridimensional poincar&eacute; maps in cardiology: a multiclass machine learning study","volume":"11","author":"Donisi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105712","article-title":"Classifying the type of delivery from cardiotocographic signals: a machine learning approach","volume":"196","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77243-3","article-title":"Machine learning to predict mortality after rehabilitation among patients with severe stroke","volume":"10","author":"Scrutinio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00060-2","article-title":"The global k-means clustering algorithm","volume":"36","author":"Likas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"PJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Comput Appl Math"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.10.043","article-title":"Neighborhood classifiers","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2004ED","article-title":"Emerging complexity in the biomarkers of exacerbation-prone asthma","volume":"202","author":"Sterk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30053-9","article-title":"Predictive value of blood eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide in adults with mild asthma: a prespecified subgroup analysis of an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Pavord","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0419OC","article-title":"Inflammatory and Comorbid Features of Patients with Severe Asthma and Frequent Exacerbations","volume":"195","author":"Denlinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00367-7","article-title":"Blood eosinophil count and prospective annual asthma disease burden: a UK cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00201813","article-title":"Importance of concomitant local and systemic eosinophilia in uncontrolled asthma","volume":"44","author":"Schleich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.06.005","article-title":"High blood eosinophil count is a risk factor for future asthma exacerbations in adult persistent asthma","volume":"2","author":"Zeiger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.04.011","article-title":"High blood eosinophil count is associated with more frequent asthma attacks in asthma patients","volume":"113","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1813OC","article-title":"Evidence for exacerbation-prone asthma and predictive biomarkers of exacerbation frequency","volume":"202","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0271-8","article-title":"Value of peripheral blood eosinophil markers to predict severity of asthma","volume":"16","author":"Casciano","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142001903490","article-title":"Eosinophils in asthma and other allergic diseases","volume":"56","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12101","article-title":"Blood eosinophil counts rarely reflect airway eosinophilia in children with severe asthma","volume":"68","author":"Ullmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.103069","article-title":"Heterogeneity of asthma according to blood inflammatory patterns","volume":"64","author":"Nadif","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3300","article-title":"Eosinophils in the spotlight: Eosinophilic airway inflammation in nonallergic asthma","volume":"19","author":"Brusselle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60988-X","article-title":"Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Pavord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2104","article-title":"Human IL-25- and IL-33-responsive type 2 innate lymphoid cells are defined by expression of CRTH2 and CD161","volume":"12","author":"Mjosberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.09.006","article-title":"Asthma phenotypes: nonallergic (intrinsic) asthma","volume":"2","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-016-0029-3","article-title":"Asthma costs and social impact","volume":"3","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asthma Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","article-title":"International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.01.016","article-title":"Risk factors for work disability in severe adult asthma","volume":"119","author":"Eisner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.18189","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation among US adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"5","author":"Mosher","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-138227","article-title":"COVID-19 and functional disability: current insights and rehabilitation strategies","volume":"97","author":"Ambrosino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00542","article-title":"Pulmonary rehabilitation and asthma","volume":"11","author":"Zampogna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000249","article-title":"Effect of an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program on exercise tolerance and asthma control in obese asthma patients","volume":"37","author":"Turk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-01301-9","article-title":"Impact of pulmonary rehabilitation on patients' health care needs and asthma control: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"20","author":"Salandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019_bib0050","first-page":"831","article-title":"ATS statement\u2013snowbird workshop on standardization of spirometry","volume":"119","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620522002680?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620522002680?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T09:37:17Z","timestamp":1760607437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620522002680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0953620522002680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A machine learning approach to characterize patients with asthma exacerbation attending an acute care setting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.07.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}