{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T16:00:26Z","timestamp":1793289626942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T23:15:26Z","timestamp":1699312526000},"page":"3-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Natural history of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Lekakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-4060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George V.","family":"Papatheodoridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Riazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-022-00228-y","article-title":"A multistakeholder approach to innovations in NAFLD care","volume":"3","author":"Schattenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.040","article-title":"Global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 studies and 1,201,807 persons","volume":"79","author":"Le","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30077-7","article-title":"Global prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of non-obese or lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.002","article-title":"2019 global NAFLD prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(24)00530-5","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: mayo clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease","volume":"55","author":"Ludwig","year":"1980","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70506-8","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity","volume":"116","author":"Matteoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004","article-title":"EASL-EASD-EASO clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"64","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0011","article-title":"A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15139","article-title":"Systematically comparing epidemiological and clinical features of MAFLD and NAFLD by meta-analysis: focusing on the non-overlap groups","volume":"42","author":"Ayada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519","article-title":"Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"377","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01400-1","article-title":"Evaluation of NAFLD and fibrosis in obese patients - a comparison of histological and clinical scoring systems","volume":"20","author":"Schmitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15571","article-title":"Hepatocytic ballooning in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: dilemmas and future directions","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21327","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes","volume":"44","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.11.005","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver","volume":"7","author":"Rafiq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.07.033","article-title":"Disease state transition probabilities across the spectrum of NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired biopsy or imaging studies","volume":"21","author":"Le","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840220616","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver: a follow-up study","volume":"22","author":"Teli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.04.027","article-title":"A systematic review of follow-up biopsies reveals disease progression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"59","author":"Pais","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.04.014","article-title":"Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.04.019","article-title":"Anstee QM, participants of the AEW. Report on the AASLD\/EASL joint workshop on clinical trial endpoints in NAFLD","volume":"71","author":"Rinella","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22726","article-title":"Ethnic differences in hepatic steatosis: an insulin resistance paradox?","volume":"49","author":"Guerrero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI93465","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with cirrhosis increases familial risk for advanced fibrosis","volume":"127","author":"Caussy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0025","first-page":"16","article-title":"Novel insights into the genetic landscape of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","author":"Taliento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.020","article-title":"Update on NAFLD genetics: from new variants to the clinic","volume":"72","author":"Trepo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31032","article-title":"Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 I148M and liver fat and fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the U.S. population","volume":"71","author":"Unalp-Arida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.11.014","article-title":"Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pathophysiology to therapeutics","volume":"92","author":"Polyzos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.033","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a primary care referral pathway for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"71","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.044","article-title":"Association of adipose tissue inflammation with histologic severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"du Plessis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.06.031","article-title":"Bioactive lipid species and metabolic pathways in progression and resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"155","author":"Musso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.03.005","article-title":"Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase Cepsilon and hepatic insulin resistance","volume":"15","author":"Jornayvaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1519","article-title":"Prevalence and profile of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in lean adults: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1124","article-title":"Risk for development of severe liver disease in lean patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"2","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000329","article-title":"Lean individuals with NAFLD have more severe liver disease and poorer clinical outcomes (NASH-CO Study)","volume":"78","author":"Nabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0036","first-page":"11","article-title":"The coexistence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"Kosmalski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-13-7","article-title":"Differential patterns of insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus alone","volume":"13","author":"Chai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.03.025","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: identical etiologic factors in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes","volume":"100","author":"de Vries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28356","article-title":"The severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with gut dysbiosis and shift in the metabolic function of the gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Boursier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26319","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22848","article-title":"Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"49","author":"Miele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12315","article-title":"Toll-like receptors and liver disease","volume":"34","author":"Kesar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151829","article-title":"Bile acids and dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.060","article-title":"The intestinal nuclear receptor signature with epithelial localization patterns and expression modulation in tumors","volume":"138","author":"Modica","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1159\/000371670","article-title":"Bile acids as hormones: the FXR-FGF15\/19 pathway","volume":"33","author":"Kliewer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76738","article-title":"Intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"125","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111255","article-title":"Crosstalk between PPARs and gut microbiota in NAFLD","volume":"136","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109199","article-title":"High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of proposed mechanisms","volume":"330","author":"Lian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272623","article-title":"Differential progression of unhealthy diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in obese and non-obese mice","volume":"17","author":"Hymel","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0051","article-title":"Adherence to mediterranean diet and NAFLD in patients with metabolic syndrome: the FLIPAN study","volume":"14","author":"Montemayor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.786596","article-title":"Coffee consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella review and a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kositamongkol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154439","article-title":"Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and shows a synergistic effect with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Blomdahl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0054","article-title":"Nonheavy alcohol use associates with liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the framingham heart study","author":"Rice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23314","article-title":"Decreased survival of subjects with elevated liver function tests during a 28-year follow-up","volume":"51","author":"Soderberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322786","article-title":"Mortality in biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from a nationwide cohort","volume":"70","author":"Simon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47687-3","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27368","article-title":"Fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor for disease-specific mortality in NAFLD after up to 33 years of follow-up","volume":"61","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Hagstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29085","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality by fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Dulai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12565","article-title":"Association of histologic disease activity with progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Kleiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30664","article-title":"The natural history of advanced fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: data from the simtuzumab trials","volume":"70","author":"Sanyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","article-title":"Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"385","author":"Sanyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001176","article-title":"Poor outcomes of cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with hepatitis B after decompensation with ascites","volume":"116","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.597648","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"11","author":"Luci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0067","article-title":"NAFLD and liver transplantation: disease burden, current management and future challenges","volume":"2","author":"Burra","year":"2020","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.506375","article-title":"Population-based risk factors and resource utilization for HCC: US perspective","volume":"26","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.057","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates","volume":"17","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.327","article-title":"Large-scale long-term follow-up study of Japanese patients with non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease for the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"107","author":"Kawamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28368","article-title":"Clinical patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"63","author":"Piscaglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4085-6","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD","volume":"61","author":"Reeves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.04.41","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: spotlight on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Mantovani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.02.030","article-title":"Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C >G polymorphism confers an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.476","article-title":"The effect of PNPLA3 on fibrosis progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Singal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26986","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S","volume":"59","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29315","article-title":"Modeling the benefits and harms of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: information to support informed choices","volume":"66","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012","article-title":"NAFLD: a multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0912063","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"363","author":"Targher","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Targher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001075","article-title":"Synergistic increase in cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02034.x","article-title":"Suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality risk in a population-based cohort study","volume":"103","author":"Dunn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.02.027","article-title":"MAFLD and cardiovascular events: what does the evidence show?","volume":"19","author":"George","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.12.022","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and incident cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.029","article-title":"Differential clinical characteristics and mortality outcomes in persons with NAFLD and\/or MAFLD","volume":"19","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.035","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is associated with increased all-cause mortality in the United States","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0087","article-title":"NAFLD or MAFLD: which has closer association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality?-Results from NHANES III","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl210167","article-title":"Innovative target exploration of Nc. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease predicts long-term mortality and cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Moon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000153","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"42","author":"Duell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0336","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Esposito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.018","article-title":"The risk of incident extrahepatic cancers is higher in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than obesity - a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324191","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and increased risk of incident extrahepatic cancers: a meta-analysis of observational cohort studies","volume":"71","author":"Mantovani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.06.051","article-title":"Hepatocellular and extrahepatic cancers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33386","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33386","article-title":"Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620523003977?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620523003977?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T10:07:39Z","timestamp":1730455659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620523003977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S0953620523003977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Natural history of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}