{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:03:14Z","timestamp":1791597794493,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,2]],"date-time":"2024-03-02T03:46:50Z","timestamp":1709351210000},"page":"115-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison of diagnostic spectrum between inflammation of unknown origin and fever of unknown origin: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albrecht","family":"Betrains","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lien","family":"Moreel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina M.","family":"Mulders-Manders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Auwaerter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Torn\u00e9-Cachot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3230-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedrich","family":"Weitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0975-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teruhiko","family":"Terasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8511-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim H.","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0586-9824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Sch\u00f6nau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9783-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Blockmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3491-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William F.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Rovers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4003-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Vanderschueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.10.002","article-title":"Etiological spectrum and outcome of fever and inflammation of unknown origin. Does symptom duration matter?","volume":"106","author":"Betrains","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(99)00073-4","article-title":"Fever of unknown origin: a new definition and proposal for diagnostic work-up","volume":"11","author":"de Kleijn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2009.01.002","article-title":"Inflammation of unknown origin versus fever of unknown origin: two of a kind","volume":"20","author":"Vanderschueren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152066","article-title":"Rheumatic disorders among patients with fever of unknown origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Betrains","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.01.025","article-title":"Higher diagnostic yield of 18F-FDG PET in inflammation of unknown origin compared to fever of unknown origin","volume":"110","author":"Betrains","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110184","article-title":"Current situation and cost-effectiveness of (18)F-FDG PET\/CT for the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin: A single-center, large-sample study from China","volume":"148","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211687","article-title":"The value of 18(F)-FDG-PET\/CT in identifying the cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO): data from a prospective study","volume":"77","author":"Sch\u00f6nau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020386","article-title":"Diagnostic Value of 18F-FDG PET\/CT vs. Chest-Abdomen-Pelvis CT Scan in Management of Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin, Inflammation of Unknown Origin or Episodic Fever of Unknown Origin: A Comparative Multicentre Prospective Study","volume":"11","author":"Ly","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118799512","article-title":"Contribution of 18F-FDG PET\/CT in a case-mix of fever of unknown origin and inflammation of unknown origin: a meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Kan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13452","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of (18) F-FDG-PET\/CT in inflammation of unknown origin (IUO): A clinical series of 317 patients","volume":"291","author":"Holubar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3010-0","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT in inflammation of unknown origin: a cost-effectiveness pilot-study","volume":"42","author":"Balink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.105906","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"88","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196102000-00001","article-title":"Fever of unexplained origin: report on 100 cases","volume":"40","author":"Petersdorf","year":"1961","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0014","first-page":"35","article-title":"Fever of unknown origin-reexamined and redefined","volume":"11","author":"Durack","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Clin Top Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h870","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h870","article-title":"Use of GRADE for assessment of evidence about prognosis: rating confidence in estimates of event rates in broad categories of patients","volume":"350","author":"Iorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0017","series-title":"Handbook of meta-analysis","first-page":"65","article-title":"Exact likelihood methods for group-based summaries","author":"Stijnen","year":"2020"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1482","article-title":"Improved tests for a random effects meta-regression with a single covariate","volume":"22","author":"Knapp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0020","unstructured":"The world bank. World Bank Country and Lending Groups [Internet]. Published 2022. Accessed October 10, 2022. https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e150","article-title":"Predictors of Diagnostic Contributions and Spontaneous Remission of Symptoms Associated with Positron Emission Tomography with Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxy Glucose Combined with Computed Tomography in Classic Fever or Inflammation of Unknown Origin: a Retrospe","volume":"36","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.23736\/S1824-4785.19.03129-7","article-title":"Optimal use of 18F-FDG-PET\/CT in patients with fever or inflammation of unknown origin","volume":"65","author":"Mulders-Manders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2020.03.014","article-title":"Classic fever of unknown origin: analysis of a cohort of 87 patients according to the definition with qualitative study criterion","volume":"156","author":"Torn\u00e9 Cachot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0871-z","article-title":"Diagnostic delay for giant cell arteritis \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Prior","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103355","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of combined cranial and large vessel PET\/CT, ultrasound and MRI in giant cell arteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Moreel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-023-05284-8","article-title":"Imaging methods in polymyalgia rheumatica: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Mekenyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210845","article-title":"The impact of temporal artery biopsy for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis in clinical practice in a tertiary university hospital","volume":"14","author":"Kaltsonoudis","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102774","article-title":"Systemic autoinflammatory disease in adults","volume":"20","author":"Betrains","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0031","first-page":"111","article-title":"Gallium citrate-67 single-photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography for localizing the foci of classic fever and inflammation of unknown origin: A retrospective study of diagnostic yield","volume":"9","author":"Tsuzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac151","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac151","article-title":"Geographic variation of infectious disease diagnoses among patients with fever of unknown origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4285-8","article-title":"Fever of unknown origin (FUO): which are the factors influencing the final diagnosis? A 2005-2015 systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Fusco","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad104","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad104","article-title":"Investigator-Determined Categories for Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) Compared With International Classification of Diseases-10 Classification of Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With a Proposal for Revised FUO Classification","volume":"10","author":"Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620524000773?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620524000773?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T15:38:38Z","timestamp":1717515518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620524000773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0953620524000773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of diagnostic spectrum between inflammation of unknown origin and fever of unknown origin: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}