{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:40:43Z","timestamp":1790073643493,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T13:58:20Z","timestamp":1709733500000},"page":"4-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Acute heart failure \u2013 an EFIM guideline critical appraisal and adaptation for internists"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8614-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin A.","family":"Kokorin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cittadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5919-4995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskars","family":"Kalejs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera N.","family":"Larina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto M.","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdenek","family":"Monhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Morbidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3749-4297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Lesniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10159","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2017.02.001","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis of heart failure in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Dharmarajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-014-0788-x","article-title":"Sex differences in new-onset heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0924","article-title":"A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010","volume":"175","author":"Gerber","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.03.006","article-title":"Temporal trends in the incidence of and mortality associated with heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Tsao","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-017-0351-y","article-title":"Acute Heart Failure: Definition, Classification and Epidemiology","volume":"14","author":"Kurmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii13","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur081","article-title":"What are the costs of heart failure?","volume":"13","author":"Braunschweig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.05.016","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines adaptation for internists \u2013 An EFIM methodology","volume":"77","author":"Lesniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0011","unstructured":"AGREE Next Steps Consortium. The AGREE II Instrument. 2017 [Electronic version]. Retrieved February, 28, 2023 from http:\/\/www.agreetrust.org."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.025","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure","volume":"70","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0013","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Chronic heart failure in adults: diagnosis and management NG106. 2018. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng106."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzz127","article-title":"Physical therapist clinical practice guideline for the management of individuals with heart failure","volume":"100","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.01.017","article-title":"CCS\/CHFS Heart Failure Guidelines Update: defining a new pharmacologic standard of care for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"37","author":"McDonald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-7844","volume":"174","author":"Qaseem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.02.010","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"28","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad195","article-title":"2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"44","author":"McDonagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi631","article-title":"NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study","volume":"27","author":"Januzzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.021","article-title":"N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Emergency Department: The ICON-RELOADED Study","volume":"71","author":"Januzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.02.025","article-title":"Mid-region pro-hormone markers for diagnosis and prognosis in acute dyspnea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial","volume":"55","author":"Maisel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1494","article-title":"Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations","volume":"21","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000144310.04433.BE","article-title":"N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide predicts outcome after hospital discharge in heart failure patients","volume":"110","author":"Bettencourt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01157-8","article-title":"A rapid bedside test for B-type peptide predicts treatment outcomes in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure: a pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.037","article-title":"ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators. Admission B-type natriuretic peptide levels and in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"49","author":"Fonarow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1831","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes and acute heart failure: a diagnostic dilemma and high-risk combination. A statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"22","author":"Harjola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2013.12.004","article-title":"Biomarkers of myocardial stress and fibrosis as predictors of mode of death in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"2","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.063842","article-title":"Evaluation of multiple biomarkers of cardiovascular stress for risk prediction and guiding medical therapy in patients with stable coronary disease","volume":"125","author":"Sabatine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E213","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28707","article-title":"Application of the SCAI classification in a cohort of patients with cardiogenic shock","volume":"96","author":"Schrage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28329","article-title":"SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock","volume":"94","author":"Baran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs444","article-title":"Clinical course and predictive value of congestion during hospitalization in patients admitted for worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: findings from the EVEREST trial","volume":"34","author":"Ambrosy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.03.004","article-title":"VExUS Nexus: Bedside Assessment of Venous Congestion","volume":"28","author":"Argaiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2295","article-title":"Antigen carbohydrate 125 as a biomarker in heart failure: a narrative review","volume":"23","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1499","article-title":"Expert consensus document: Reporting checklist for quantification of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Platz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707992","article-title":"Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"359","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00009","article-title":"Meta-analysis: noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"152","author":"Weng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005419","article-title":"Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"364","author":"Felker","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1369","article-title":"The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion \u2013 a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"21","author":"Mullens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.289","volume":"17","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1753","article-title":"Clinical importance of urinary sodium excretion in acute heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Damman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac689","article-title":"Combining loop with thiazide diuretics for decompensated heart failure: the CLOROTIC trial","volume":"44","author":"Trullas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203094","article-title":"Acetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload","volume":"387","author":"Mullens","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18598","article-title":"Effect of a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation vs usual care on mortality and heart failure rehospitalization among patients with acute heart failure: the GALACTIC randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Kozuharov","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19378","article-title":"Effect of an emergency department care bundle on 30-day hospital discharge and survival among elderly patients with acute heart failure: the ELISABETH randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Freund","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.022","article-title":"Loop diuretic prescription and 30-day outcomes in older patients with heart failure","volume":"76","author":"Faselis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812851","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"380","author":"Velazquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74B","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.019","article-title":"Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Gattis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","article-title":"Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms","volume":"364","author":"Zannad","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0049","first-page":"169","article-title":"Practical guide to prescribing sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for cardiologists","volume":"7","author":"Vardeny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"issue":"10367","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02076-1","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and efficacy of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies for acute heart failure (STRONG-HF): a multinational, open-label, randomised, trial","volume":"400","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0051","article-title":"Disease management interventions for heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Takeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.048","article-title":"Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF program","volume":"52","author":"Fonarow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004675","article-title":"Initiation, continuation, or withdrawal of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers and outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Gilstrap","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.05.062","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on 30-day death and heart failure rehospitalization (from the COACH Study)","volume":"114","author":"Maisel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2091","article-title":"Guideline-directed medical therapy and survival following hospitalization in patients with heart failure","volume":"38","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfn045","article-title":"Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE","volume":"11","author":"Mebazaa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02134-4","article-title":"Dei Cas L. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol","volume":"40","author":"Metra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2012.12.004","article-title":"Effect of levosimendan on the short-term clinical course of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Packer","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907118","article-title":"Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock","volume":"362","author":"De Backer","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61514-1","article-title":"Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials","volume":"370","author":"Lago","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.107.736975","article-title":"Effect of baseline and changes in systolic blood pressure over time on the effectiveness of valsartan in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial","volume":"1","author":"Anand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060757","article-title":"Association between hemoglobin levels and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with acute heart failure and iron deficiency: an AFFIRM-AHF subgroup analysis","volume":"147","author":"Filippatos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.5427","article-title":"Effect of oral iron repletion on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency: the IRONOUT HF randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Lewis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214865","article-title":"Treatment of anemia with darbepoetin alfa in systolic heart failure","volume":"368","author":"Swedberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure","volume":"383","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10254","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31824-9","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials","volume":"396","author":"Zannad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","article-title":"Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction","volume":"385","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30100-1","article-title":"Effect of neprilysin inhibition on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure who are receiving target doses of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system: a secondary analysis of the PARADIGM-HF trial","volume":"6","author":"Packer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047643","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition and renal outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"142","author":"Mc Causland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915928","article-title":"Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"382","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq502","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial","volume":"32","author":"Pitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.300","article-title":"Maintenance of serum potassium with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) in heart failure patients: results from a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Anker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac401","article-title":"Patiromer for the management of hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the DIAMOND trial","volume":"43","author":"Butler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.059","article-title":"Diuretic Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review","volume":"75","author":"Felker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2012.07.004","article-title":"Thiazide diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.06.048","article-title":"Effects of a high dose intravenous bolus amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation and a rapid ventricular rate","volume":"110","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1492","article-title":"Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status-impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry","volume":"21","author":"Chioncel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026141","article-title":"Physical rehabilitation for older patients hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"385","author":"Kitzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0080","first-page":"647","article-title":"Effects of beta-blocker withdrawal in acute decompensated heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Prins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.05.008","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibition and lower 30-day all-cause readmission in Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure","volume":"129","author":"Sanam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1498","article-title":"Initiation of sacubitril\/valsartan in haemodynamically stabilised heart failure patients in hospital or early after discharge: primary results of the randomised TRANSITION study","volume":"21","author":"Wachter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.12.001","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism - An EFIM guideline critical appraisal and adaptation for practicing clinicians","volume":"96","author":"Becattini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.10.009","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia - An EFIM guideline critical appraisal adaptation for internists","volume":"106","author":"Er","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620524000839?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620524000839?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T19:00:15Z","timestamp":1715108415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620524000839"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0953620524000839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute heart failure \u2013 an EFIM guideline critical appraisal and adaptation for internists","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2024.02.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Federation of Internal Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}