{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:53:07Z","timestamp":1781913187713,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:28:35Z","timestamp":1760138915000},"page":"106539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding the threat of West Nile virus infection. Comment on prevention and therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1789-8307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Chirumbolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Valdenassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianno","family":"Franzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106449","article-title":"From vectors to victims: understanding the threat of West Nile virus infection","author":"Gallo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0276-0","article-title":"Review of West Nile virus epidemiology in Italy and report of a case of West Nile virus encephalitis","volume":"20","author":"Delbue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106879","article-title":"Oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) immunoceutical therapy for patients with COVID-19. Preliminary evidence reported","volume":"88","author":"Franzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092258","article-title":"The mito-hormetic mechanisms of ozone in the clearance of SARS-CoV2 and in the COVID-19 therapy","volume":"10","author":"Chirumbolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107777","article-title":"Insights on the mechanisms of action of ozone in the medical therapy against COVID-19","volume":"96","author":"Chirumbolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.871645","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of Ozone Therapy in emerging viral diseases: immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic advantages with reference to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"13","author":"Cenci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67068-9","article-title":"Effectiveness and biochemical impact of ozone gas and silica nanoparticles on Culex pipiens (Diptera: culicidae)","volume":"14","author":"Salem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620525004169?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620525004169?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:21:55Z","timestamp":1781911315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620525004169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["S0953620525004169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding the threat of West Nile virus infection. Comment on prevention and therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.106539","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106539"}}