{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:45:24Z","timestamp":1782899124422,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejinme.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:46:25Z","timestamp":1774442785000},"page":"106837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Alcohol use: less is better. An umbrella systematic review of clinical interventions, policies, and dose\u2013response health risks in adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Dionisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"De Vita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Di","family":"Sario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1522-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Addolorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0001","series-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10347","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00847-9","article-title":"Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020","volume":"400","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02132-z","article-title":"The dose-response relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and alcohol-attributable mortality risk-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Probst","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0004","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate","volume":"96","year":"2010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22703","article-title":"Alcohol intake and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of nonexperimental cohort studies","volume":"81","author":"Cecchini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979982","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.979982","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation risk: an updated dose-response meta-analysis of over 10 million participants","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70099","article-title":"Early signs of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with alcohol misuse","volume":"49","author":"Farinelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","article-title":"A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"78","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magherman L., Van Parys R., Pauwels N.S., Verhelst X., Devisscher L. Van Vlierberghe H., et al. Meta-analysis: the impact of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2023; 57(8):820\u2013836.10.1111\/apt.17388.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17388"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005729","DOI":"10.3389\/fgstr.2022.1005729","article-title":"Sex-specific association between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Llamosas-Falc\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261292","article-title":"A systematic review of self-report measures used in epidemiological studies to assess alcohol consumption among older adults","volume":"16","author":"Tevik","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10129","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599,912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies","volume":"391","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g4164","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4164","article-title":"Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data","volume":"349","author":"Holmes","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385064","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2024.1385064","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and its association with cancer, cardiovascular, liver and brain diseases: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"4","author":"Bouajila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0017","first-page":"CD004148","article-title":"Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations","volume":"2","author":"Kaner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0653-4","article-title":"Strategies to overcome barriers to implementation of alcohol screening and brief intervention in general practice: a Delphi study among healthcare professionals and addiction prevention experts","volume":"17","author":"Abidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15999","article-title":"Practitioner and digitally delivered interventions for reducing hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in people not seeking alcohol treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Beyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002501","article-title":"Alcohol-related trauma reinjury prevention with hospital-based screening in adult populations: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma evidence-based systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Kodadek","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14506","article-title":"Review article: electronic screening and brief intervention for alcohol-related trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Woliansky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214865","article-title":"Do alcohol control policies work? An umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of alcohol control interventions (2006 - 2017)","volume":"14","author":"Siegfried","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0023","first-page":"CD014845","article-title":"Calorie (energy) labelling for changing selection and consumption of food or alcohol","volume":"1","author":"Clarke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aromataris E., Lockwood C., Porritt K., Pilla B., Jordan Z., editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/synthesismanual.jbi.global.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0025","first-page":"121","article-title":"Systematic reviews of reviews: specificity, complexity, and replication","volume":"3","author":"Pieper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0026","first-page":"E1","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and injury risk as a function of study design and recall period","volume":"37","author":"Zeisser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol: Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11050758","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of alcohol use in non-fatally injured motor vehicle drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kassym","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109830","article-title":"Aan Het Rot M. The acute effects of alcohol on social cognition: a systematic review of experimental studies","volume":"245","author":"Baltariu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010005","article-title":"Quantifying alcohol-related emergency admissions in a UK tertiary referral hospital: a cross-sectional study of chronic alcohol dependency and acute alcohol intoxication","volume":"6","author":"Vardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10584-z","article-title":"How does alcohol use impact morbidity and mortality of liver cirrhosis? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Llamosas-Falc\u00f3n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2023092","article-title":"Cancer risk based on alcohol consumption levels: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Jun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0032","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alcohol use and types and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Toubasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102419","article-title":"Alcohol consumption in relation to cognitive dysfunction and dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of comparative longitudinal studies","volume":"100","author":"Zarezadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16035","article-title":"The relationship between alcohol use and dementia in adults aged >60\u2009years: a combined analysis of prospective, individual-participant data from 15 international studies","volume":"118","author":"Mewton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.111348","article-title":"A dose-response meta-analysis on the relationship between average amount of alcohol consumed and death by suicide","volume":"260","author":"Lange","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0036","first-page":"441","article-title":"Why do only some cohort studies find health benefits from low-volume alcohol use? A systematic review and meta-analysis of study characteristics that may bias mortality risk estimates","volume":"85","author":"Stockwell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13563","article-title":"Liver holidays? A meta-analysis of drinking the same amount of alcohol daily or non-daily and the risk for cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Llamosas-Falc\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2024.111406","article-title":"Integrated behavioral interventions for adults with alcohol use disorder: a systematic review","volume":"263","author":"Hallihan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0039","article-title":"Types and effectiveness of community-based cardiovascular disease preventive interventions in reducing alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Berhe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-024-01937-z","article-title":"Alcohol cessation and breast cancer risk stratified by hormone receptor status","volume":"26","author":"Terry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.01.004","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption in young adults: a systematic review","volume":"240","author":"Botella-Juan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015410","article-title":"Low alcohol consumption and pregnancy and childhood outcomes: time to change guidelines indicating apparently \u2018safe\u2019 levels of alcohol during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"7","author":"Mamluk","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1015","article-title":"The relationship between alcohol consumption, BMI, and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Llamosas-Falc\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.04.018","article-title":"Impact of alcohol on the progression of HCV-related liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Llamosas-Falc\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13987","article-title":"Screening instruments to detect problematic alcohol use among adults in hospitals and their diagnostic test accuracy: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Bisschop","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.3101","article-title":"Does this patient have alcohol use disorder?: the rational clinical examination systematic review","volume":"331","author":"Wood","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002714","article-title":"Effectiveness and treatment moderators of internet interventions for adult problem drinking: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 19 randomised controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Riper","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0048","first-page":"736","article-title":"Electronic-screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (e-SBIRT) for addictive disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Subst Use Addctn J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-020-01073-0","article-title":"Factors influencing the implementation of screening and brief interventions for alcohol use in primary care practices: a systematic review using the COM-B system and theoretical domains framework","volume":"16","author":"Ros\u00e1rio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2020.81.5","article-title":"Effects of extensions and restrictions in alcohol trading hours on the incidence of assault and unintentional injury: systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Nepal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16411","article-title":"Restricting alcohol marketing to reduce alcohol consumption: a systematic review of the empirical evidence for one of the \u2018best buys\u2019","volume":"119","author":"Manthey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2023.2210020","article-title":"A systematic review on the impact of alcohol warning labels","volume":"42","author":"Joyce","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13519","article-title":"Determining a dosage threshold of drink-driving enforcement operations: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0054","series-title":"Global alcohol action plan 2022-2030 to strengthen implementation of the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15121","article-title":"A systematic review of relative risks for the relationship between chronic alcohol use and the occurrence of disease","volume":"47","author":"Levesque","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2766-x","article-title":"The alcohol harm paradox: using a national survey to explore how alcohol may disproportionately impact health in deprived individuals","volume":"16","author":"Bellis","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.08.013","article-title":"Identification and management of acute alcohol intoxication","volume":"108","author":"Mirijello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2023351","article-title":"Association between alcohol flushing syndrome and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Sim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10388-021-00892-4","article-title":"The potential for reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer morbidity in Asian heavy drinkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Kubo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Esophagus"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55912","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10352","article-title":"A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and thyroid cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2891-z","article-title":"Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2024.39.e185","article-title":"The combined effects of alcohol consumption and smoking on cancer risk by exposure level: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Jun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.04.005","article-title":"Echocardiographic markers of early alcoholic cardiomyopathy: six-month longitudinal study in heavy drinking patients","volume":"101","author":"Mirijello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"10152","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/24694193.2019.1616008","article-title":"mHealth interventions to reduce alcohol use in young people: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Hutton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Child Adolesc Nurs"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.16789","article-title":"Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults: US preventive services task force recommendation statement","volume":"320","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"McPheeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3628","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"311","author":"Jonas","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.02.033","article-title":"Redefining thiamine requirements in alcohol use disorder: aligning treatment with neurocognitive needs","volume":"134","author":"Di Sario","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2024.02.005","article-title":"Current treatments of alcohol use disorder","volume":"175","author":"Dionisi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00474","article-title":"Baclofen for the treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with liver cirrhosis: 10 years after the first evidence","volume":"9","author":"Mosoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30303-1","article-title":"Baclofen for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: the Cagliari Statement","volume":"5","author":"Agabio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax4043","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax4043","article-title":"Advances in the science and treatment of alcohol use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Witkiewitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.016","article-title":"Perspectives on the pharmacological management of alcohol use disorder: are the approved medications effective?","volume":"103","author":"Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16187","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in adults with harmful use of alcohol: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-020-01100-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychological interventions to reduce alcohol consumption among pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Samawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15014","article-title":"Utilizing precision medicine to treat alcohol use disorder: a commentary on the \u03b11 receptor antagonist","volume":"47","author":"Haass-Koffler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70229","article-title":"Neuroimmune pathways as targets for precision treatment in alcohol use disorder: a commentary on biomarkers for craving","volume":"50","author":"Nunez Severino","year":"2026","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620526001421?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0953620526001421?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:44:58Z","timestamp":1782895498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0953620526001421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0953620526001421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837","relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-6205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-6205","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alcohol use: less is better. An umbrella systematic review of clinical interventions, policies, and dose\u2013response health risks in adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Internal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2026.106837","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Federation of Internal Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106837"}}