{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:40:05Z","timestamp":1784306405014,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010322","name":"Pakistan Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010798","name":"Sunway University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T19:57:07Z","timestamp":1564516627000},"page":"111575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Novel antiacanthamoebic compounds belonging to quinazolinones"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Ayaz","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saquib","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Muhammad","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid Mohammed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruqaiyyah","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.273-307.2003","article-title":"Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans","volume":"16","author":"Marciano-Cabral","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00023.x","article-title":"Acanthamoeba: biology and increasing importance in human health","volume":"30","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00232.x","article-title":"Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappiniadiploidea","volume":"50","author":"Visvesvara","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2015010","article-title":"An update on Acanthamoeba keratitis: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Lorenzo-Morales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700563","article-title":"Acanthamoeba keratitis update-incidence, molecular epidemiology and new drugs for treatment","volume":"17","author":"Seal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00686-16","article-title":"The development of drugs against Acanthamoeba infections","volume":"60","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05122-14","article-title":"Bis-benzimidazole hits against Naegleria fowleri discovered with new high throughput screens","volume":"59","author":"Rice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5450","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00643-12","article-title":"Corifungin: a new drug lead for Naegleria, identified from a high throughput screen","volume":"56","author":"Debnath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02051-18","article-title":"Functional assessment of 2,177 US and international drugs identifies the quinoline nitroxoline as a potent amoebicidal agent against the pathogen Balamuthia mandrillaris","volume":"9","author":"Laurie","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.01.036","article-title":"Antiprotozoan lead discovery by aligning dry and wet screening: prediction, synthesis, and biological assay of novel quinoxalinones","volume":"22","author":"Alho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.02.005","article-title":"Molecular hybridization conceded exceptionally potent quinolinyloxadiazole hybrids through phenyl linked thiosemicarbazide antileishmanial scaffolds: In silico validation and SAR studies","volume":"71","author":"Taha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib12","first-page":"352","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro antileishmanial activities of 2-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones","volume":"38","author":"Perveen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Soc. Pak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.11.016","article-title":"4-Arylamino-6-nitroquinazolines: synthesis and their activities against neglected disease leishmaniasis","volume":"108","author":"Saad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2011.08.007","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial screening of quinoline based quinazolinone-4-thiazolidinone heterocycles","volume":"7","author":"Desai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib15","first-page":"251","article-title":"Synthesis of new 3-(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl) or 3-[(3-phenyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-amino]-substituted-4-(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives with antineoplastic activity","volume":"54","author":"Raffa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Die Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib16","unstructured":"S. Riazuddin, O. Ali, U. Ashfaq, S.N. Khan, J. Akram, A.U. Rahman, M.I. Choudhary, K.M. Khan, Z.A. Khan, 3-amino-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone or derivatives thereof for treating or preventing antiviral infections. U.S. Patent Application 13, 341, 989, (2013)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib17","unstructured":"B.L. Chenard, K.M. DeVries, W.M. Welch Jr, Pfizer Inc., Atropisomers of 3-heteroaryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones for the treatment of neurodegenerative and CNS-trauma related conditions. U.S. Patent 6,380,204,(2002)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-7-95","article-title":"Quinazoline derivatives: synthesis and bioactivities","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.03.037","article-title":"Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel S-substituted 6-fluoro-4-alkyl (aryl)thioquinazoline derivatives","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00144-06","article-title":"Use of in\u00a0vitro assays to determine effects of human serum on biological characteristics of Acanthamoeba castellanii","volume":"44","author":"Sissons","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.04.009","article-title":"Carbohydrate analysis of Acanthamoeba castellanii","volume":"122","author":"Dudley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00630-18","article-title":"Gold nanoparticle conjugated cinnamic acid exhibit antiacanthamoebic and antibacterial properties","volume":"62","author":"Anwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5701-x","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle conjugation affects antiacanthamoebic activities of amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole","volume":"117","author":"Anwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.5.2704-2708.2005","article-title":"Acanthamoeba castellanii induces host cell death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism","volume":"73","author":"Sissons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118781962","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects of benzodioxane, naphthalene diimide, porphyrin and acetamol derivatives on HeLa cells","volume":"6","author":"Jeyamogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33238-5","article-title":"Acanthamoeba keratitis: a growing problem in soft and hard contact lens wearers","volume":"94","author":"Moore","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.052","article-title":"Therapeutic and optical keratoplasty in the management of Acanthamoeba keratitis: risk factors, outcomes, and summary of the literature","volume":"122","author":"Robaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2012.01.031","article-title":"New heterocyclic compounds from 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole class bearing diphenylsulfone moieties. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation","volume":"49","author":"Barbuceanu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2007.12.009","article-title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new heterocycles incorporating antipyrine moiety","volume":"43","author":"Bondock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2009.11.038","article-title":"Antimicrobial study of newly synthesized 6-substituted indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines","volume":"45","author":"Rohini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.05.031","article-title":"Exploration of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of newly synthesized 2,3-disubstituted quinazoline-4(3H)-ones","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2010.12.017","article-title":"ESR, electrochemical, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of 4-substituted and 1,4-disubstituted 7-nitroquinoxalin-2-ones as potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents","volume":"78","author":"Aguilera-Venegas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31707-0","article-title":"Prognosis for keratoplasty in acanthamoebakeratitis","volume":"100","author":"Ficker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523419307056?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523419307056?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T13:56:19Z","timestamp":1759326979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523419307056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0223523419307056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel antiacanthamoebic compounds belonging to quinazolinones","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111575","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111575"}}