{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:25:17Z","timestamp":1787505917303,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82473840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82473840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21977058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21977058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018T110533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018T110533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T20:24:34Z","timestamp":1742329474000},"page":"117523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Novel one-\/two-photon excited carbazole\/quinolinium photosensitizers manifest nanomolar and hypoxia-resistant tumor photodynamic therapy by accelerating apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongliang","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zirui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong-Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3373-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202316487","article-title":"An ER-targeted, viscosity-sensitive hemicyanine dye for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver and photodynamic cancer therapy by activating pyroptosis pathway","volume":"63","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.023.202303161","article-title":"Molecular engineering of aptamer to solubilize hydrophobic near-infrared photosensitizer for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CCS Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030956","article-title":"Photodynamic inhibition of herpes simplexvirus 1 infection by tricationic amphiphilic porphyrin with a long alkyl chain","volume":"15","author":"Jurak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121577","article-title":"Killing three birds with one stone: near-infrared light triggered nitric oxide release for enhanced photodynamic and anti-inflammatory therapy in refractory keratitis","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib5","article-title":"PPARGC1A affects inflammatory responses in photodynamic therapy (PDT)-treated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)","volume":"202","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2017.09.003","article-title":"An updated overview on the development of new photosensitizers for anticancer photodynamic therapy","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070932","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cancer\u2014the selection of synthetic photosensitizers","volume":"17","author":"Aebisher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102091","article-title":"Features of third generation photosensitizers used in anticancer photodynamic therapy: review","volume":"34","author":"Mfouo-Tynga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2020.108856","article-title":"New poly(acrylamide) nanoparticles in the development of third generation photosensitizers","volume":"184","author":"Gualdesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dyes Pigments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119763","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles for oral photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy of colon cancer","volume":"589","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. of Pharmaceut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201700515","article-title":"First total synthesis of the cytotoxic carbazole alkaloid excavatine-A and regioselective annulation to pyrano[2,3-a]carbazoles and [1,4]oxazepino[2,3,4-jk]carbazoles","volume":"2017","author":"Br\u00fctting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.1c00138","article-title":"Revisiting carbazole: origin, impurity, and properties","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16477","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02198","article-title":"Vinyl-linked cyanocarbazole-based emitters: effect of conjugation and terminal chromophores on the photophysical and electroluminescent properties","volume":"3","author":"Joseph","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202202530","article-title":"Oligonucleotides featuring a covalently mercurated 6-phenylcarbazole residue as high-affinity hybridization probes for thiopyrimidine-containing sequences","volume":"28","author":"Kotammagari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eur J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9407","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b01483","article-title":"Theoretical investigations on the photophysical properties for a series of symmetrical and asymmetrical carbazole-based cationic two-photon fluorescent probes: the magic of methyl groups","volume":"123","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01709G","article-title":"Water soluble carbazolyl-BODIPY photosensitizer with an orthogonal D-A structure for photodynamic therapy in living cells and zebrafish","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47969","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c10200","article-title":"Imidazolium-based heavy-atom-free photosensitizer for nucleus-targeted fluorescence bioimaging and photodynamic therapy","volume":"15","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12952","article-title":"Apoptosis, paraptosis and autophagy: death and survival pathways associated with photodynamic therapy","volume":"95","author":"Kessel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122212","article-title":"Exosome camouflaged coordination-assembled Iridium (III) photosensitizers for apoptosis-autophagy-ferroptosis induced combination therapy against melanoma","volume":"301","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4600","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB00545C","article-title":"Recent advances in type I organic photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy for overcoming tumor hypoxia","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib21","article-title":"Type I photosensitizers revitalizing photodynamic oncotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB00371D","article-title":"Lysosome-targetable polythiophene nanoparticles for two-photon excitation photodynamic therapy and deep tissue imaging","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib23","article-title":"Two-photon-activated heavy-atom free AIEgen for highly efficient type I photodynamic therapy","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16868","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c02634","article-title":"Developing a two-photon \u201cAND\u201d logic probe and its application in alzheimer's disease Differentiation","volume":"95","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201300431","article-title":"A family of RuII photosensitizers with high singlet oxygen quantum yield: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation","volume":"2013","author":"Pefkianakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.3c01511","article-title":"DNA-targeting bioactive photosensitizer for chemo-photodynamic therapy of malignant tumor","volume":"6","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Mater. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c11868","article-title":"Supramolecular photosensitizer enables oxygen-independent generation of hydroxyl radicals for photodynamic therapy","volume":"145","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20042","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c07730","article-title":"9,10-Phenanthrenequinone: a promising kernel to develop multifunctional antitumor systems for efficient type I photodynamic and photothermal synergistic therapy","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2018.11.003","article-title":"Down-regulation of argininosuccinate lyase induces hepatoma cell apoptosis through activating Bax signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.8b00843","article-title":"Hydroxamic acid derivatives of \u03b2-carboline\/hydroxycinnamic acid hybrids inducing apoptosis and autophagy through the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathways","volume":"82","author":"Ling","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib31","first-page":"545","article-title":"miR-328-3p enhances the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma and regulates apoptosis and cell viability via H2AX","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201500019","article-title":"Hybrids from farnesylthiosalicylic acid and hydroxamic acid as dual ras-related signaling and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors: design, synthesis and biological evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202206277","article-title":"Intracellular delivery of glutathione peroxidase degrader induces ferroptosis in vivo","volume":"61","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5651","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S426849","article-title":"The Therapeutic effects of MUC1-C shRNA@Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in alternating magnetic fields on triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152489","article-title":"Inhibition of ferroptosis attenuates busulfan-induced oligospermia in mice","volume":"440","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00132","article-title":"Salinomycin-loaded gold nanoparticles for treating cancer stem cells by ferroptosis-induced cell death","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13306","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, not Ca2+, mediates methotrexate-induced autophagy and apoptosis in spermatocyte cell line","volume":"126","author":"Xiong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib38","article-title":"Autophagy-activated self-reporting photosensitizer promoting cell mortality in cancer starvation therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-00726-x","article-title":"VCP\/p97 regulates Beclin-1-dependent autophagy initiation","volume":"17","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425002880?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425002880?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:11:42Z","timestamp":1778735502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523425002880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0223523425002880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel one-\/two-photon excited carbazole\/quinolinium photosensitizers manifest nanomolar and hypoxia-resistant tumor photodynamic therapy by accelerating apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117523","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117523"}}