{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:39:52Z","timestamp":1790213992399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020SA0050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SA0050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017607","name":"Shenzhen Municipal Fundamental Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023SC0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SC0076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T18:59:49Z","timestamp":1744743589000},"page":"117645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A comprehensive review of small molecules, targets, and pathways in ulcerative colitis treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Xuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Han","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang-Chi-Dung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Li","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Da","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15389","article-title":"Ulcerative Colitis in Adults: A Review","volume":"330","author":"Gros","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092302","article-title":"An Update on Current Pharmacotherapeutic Options for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"11","author":"Ferretti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.114086","article-title":"The role and mechanism of flavonoid herbal natural products in ulcerative colitis","volume":"158","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8040211","article-title":"Flavonoids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review","volume":"8","author":"Vezza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5097","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i28.5097","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review","volume":"23","author":"Salaritabar","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108456","article-title":"Terpenes: Modulating anti-inflammatory signaling in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"248","author":"Rivera Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117189","article-title":"Polysaccharides from natural resources exhibit great potential in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A review","volume":"254","author":"Niu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib8","article-title":"Recent Trends in Pharmacological Activity of Alkaloids in Animal Colitis: Potential Use for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"2017","author":"Alves de Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib9","article-title":"Advances in natural compound-based nanomedicine and the interaction with gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.684486","article-title":"Natural Anti-Inflammatory Compounds as Drug Candidates for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867329666211227121321","article-title":"The Significant Role of Nutraceutical Compounds in Ulcerative Colitis Treatment","volume":"29","author":"Maio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018956232628","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of dexamethasone-beta-D-glucuronide for colon-specific drug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Haeberlin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296107","article-title":"Olsalazine in maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"38","author":"Wright","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1081\/IPH-120020471","article-title":"Modulation of inflammatory mediators by ibuprofen and curcumin treatment during chronic inflammation in rat","volume":"25","author":"Banerjee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)01568-0","article-title":"Effect of quercitrin on the early stages of hapten induced colonic inflammation in the rat","volume":"70","author":"S\u00e1nchez de Medina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.5.1208","article-title":"Quercetin Inhibits TNF-Induced NF-\u03baB Transcription Factor Recruitment to Proinflammatory Gene Promoters in Murine Intestinal Epithelial Cells12","volume":"137","author":"Ruiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.09.014","article-title":"Costunolide covalently targets NACHT domain of NLRP3 to inhibit inflammasome activation and alleviate NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12934","article-title":"Novel ginsenoside monomer RT4 promotes colitis repair in mice by regulating miR-144-3p\/SLC7A11 signaling pathway","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fund. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107017","article-title":"The protective effect and mechanism of pedunculoside on DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) induced ulcerative colitis in mice","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5286","article-title":"Pharmacological activity of 6-gingerol in dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"29","author":"Ajayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327117703689","article-title":"6-Gingerol improves testicular function in mice model of chronic ulcerative colitis","volume":"37","author":"Farombi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.2020.177","article-title":"The Healing Effect of Aloe Vera Gel on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rat","volume":"12","author":"Hassanshahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Middle East J. Dig. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.11.008","article-title":"Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice","volume":"24","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Fidalgo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.063800","article-title":"Ginsenosides Regulate PXR\/NF-\u03baB Signaling and Attenuate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106645","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rk3 alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting colon barrier and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"85","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3422-0","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rh2 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via augmenting TGF\u03b2 signaling","volume":"41","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-012-0714-6","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rd in rats with TNBS-induced recurrent ulcerative colitis","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.06.011","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and its metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol in mice with TNBS-induced colitis","volume":"762","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1019594","article-title":"Protective effect of astragalus membranaceus and its bioactive compounds against the intestinal inflammation in Drosophila","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib30","first-page":"7074","article-title":"Astragaloside II alleviates the symptoms of experimental ulcerative colitis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Qiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154287","article-title":"Astragaloside \u2163 alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the balance of Th17\/Treg cells","volume":"104","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib32","first-page":"81","article-title":"Progress in active compounds effective on ulcerative colitis from Chinese medicines","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7916763","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA Protects against Dextran Sulfate Sodium- (DSS-) Induced Colitis in Mice by Modulation of Neutrophil Infiltration and Activation","volume":"2016","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6343","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S79388","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammatory bowel disease via the pregnane X receptor","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9863-8","article-title":"Tanshinone IIA Ameliorates Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (TNBS)-Induced Murine Colitis","volume":"53","author":"Bai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.170225","article-title":"Therapeutic Role of Rifaximin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Implication of Human Pregnane X Receptor Activation","volume":"335","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14424","article-title":"Activating the pregnane X receptor by imperatorin attenuates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice","volume":"175","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.183947","article-title":"Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Studies in Mice with Acute Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid Colitis","volume":"341","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/917312","article-title":"PPAR-alpha Contributes to the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Verbascoside in a Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice","volume":"2010","author":"Esposito","year":"2010","journal-title":"PPAR Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-009-0400-5","article-title":"Effects of verbascoside biotechnologically produced by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures in a rodent model of colitis","volume":"380","author":"Mazzon","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305005","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide improves colon inflammation through an enteric glia\/toll like receptor 4-dependent PPAR-\u03b1 activation","volume":"63","author":"Esposito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib42","first-page":"645","article-title":"Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates PPAR-\u03b3 antagonist-deteriorated oxazolone-induced colitis in mice","volume":"5","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109058","article-title":"Honokiol alleviates ulcerative colitis by targeting PPAR-\u03b3-TLR4-NF-\u03baB signaling and suppressing gasdermin-D-mediated pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171093","article-title":"Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 and PPAR-\u03b3 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in DSS-induced colorectal fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Di Gregorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000618","article-title":"Novel PPAR\u03b3 Modulator GED-0507-34 Levo Ameliorates Inflammation-driven Intestinal Fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Speca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8315","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7673","article-title":"Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate Crohn's disease in rats by modulating the expression of PPAR-\u03b3\/NFAT","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9074-2","article-title":"The PPAR\u03b3 Agonist Rosiglitazone Impairs Colonic Inflammation in Mice with Experimental Colitis","volume":"27","author":"Ramakers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00981","article-title":"Acting as an Agonist of PPAR\u03b3, Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice through Improving Expression of SIRT1, and Therefore Inhibiting NF-\u03baB-Mediated Macrophage Activation","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25609","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.673046","article-title":"A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR)\u03b3 Agonist 2-Hydroxyethyl 5-chloro-4,5-didehydrojasmonate Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Colitis","volume":"290","author":"Choo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.116.105668","article-title":"Adelmidrol, a palmitoylethanolamide analogue, as a new pharmacological treatment for the management of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"90","author":"Cordaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0438-0","article-title":"Effects of N-Acetylcysteine Plus Mesalamine on Prostaglandin Synthesis and Nitric Oxide Generation in TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats","volume":"54","author":"Ancha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.03.007","article-title":"Modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13476","article-title":"Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a potent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) and receptor-5 (S1P5) agonist with autoimmune disease-modifying activity","volume":"173","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.02.026","article-title":"FTY720 ameliorates oxazolone colitis in mice by directly affecting T helper type 2 functions","volume":"44","author":"Daniel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04203.x","article-title":"Down-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and proinflammatory cytokine production by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"162","author":"Docena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.122762","article-title":"Inhibition of Adenosine Deaminase Attenuates Inflammation in Experimental Colitis","volume":"322","author":"Antonioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1021\/ml200189u","article-title":"Development of Polar Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonists for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Synergism with A2B Antagonists","volume":"2","author":"El-Tayeb","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J.; Haller, C.A.; Jernigan, F.E.; Koerner, S.K.; Wong, D.J.; Wang, Y.; Cheong, J.E.; Kosaraju, R.; Kwan, J.; Park, D.D.; et al. Modulation of lymphocyte-mediated tissue repair by rational design of heterocyclic aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists. Sci. Adv. 6, eaay8230, doi:10.1126\/sciadv.aay8230.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay8230"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.04.136","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through enhancing the differentiation of goblet cells","volume":"514","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202100223","article-title":"Bisamide CXCR4 Modulators: Novel Anti-IBD Agents Acting on the Chemotaxis of Inflammatory Cells","volume":"5","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.187062","article-title":"Antagonism of protease-activated receptor 2 protects against experimental colitis","volume":"340","author":"Lohman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.011","article-title":"Elafin Reverses Intestinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Cathepsin S-Mediated Protease-Activated Receptor 2","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.03.014","article-title":"Oral treatment with a novel small molecule alpha 4 integrin antagonist, AJM300, prevents the development of experimental colitis in mice","volume":"7","author":"Sugiura","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Crohns. Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173505","article-title":"Preclinical characterization of itacitinib (INCB039110), a novel selective inhibitor of JAK1, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"885","author":"Covington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.116.234013","article-title":"Pharmacological Characterization of a Potent Inhibitor of Autotaxin in Animal Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"359","author":"Thirunavukkarasu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2017.1291342","article-title":"JAK inhibition in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Olivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S367086","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Upadacitinib in the Treatment of Adults with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis (UC): Patient Selection and Reported Outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Irani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.03.008","article-title":"A novel benzo[d]imidazole derivate prevents the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"85","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01663-8","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel P2X4 Receptor Antagonists, NC-2600 and NP-1815-PX, in a Murine Model of Colitis","volume":"45","author":"D'Antongiovanni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.9b00584","article-title":"Pyroglutamide-Based P2X7 Receptor Antagonists Targeting Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"63","author":"Homerin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1021\/jm010852p","article-title":"Novel Azo Derivatives as Prodrugs of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Amino Derivatives with Potent Platelet Activating Factor Antagonist Activity","volume":"44","author":"Carceller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.01.028","article-title":"Efficacy of drugs used in the treatment of IBD and combinations thereof in acute DSS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"92","author":"Sann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx002.115","article-title":"DOP078 Pharmacology and safety of etrasimod (APD334), an oral, potent, next-generation, selective S1P receptor modulator","volume":"11","author":"K\u00fchbacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202200392","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective S1PR1 Agonists for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"40","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108997","article-title":"Protective effects of (R)-enantiomers but not (S)-enantiomers of \u03b22-adrenergic receptor agonists against acute colitis: The role of \u03b22AR","volume":"110","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20606","article-title":"Intracellular allosteric antagonism of the CCR9 receptor","volume":"540","author":"Oswald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02143.x","article-title":"NS6180, a new K(Ca) 3.1 channel inhibitor prevents T-cell activation and inflammation in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"168","author":"Str\u00f8b\u00e6k","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2009.03.001","article-title":"CC-10004 but not thalidomide or lenalidomide inhibits lamina propria mononuclear cell TNF-\u03b1 and MMP-3 production in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Gordon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14667","article-title":"Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 attenuates murine ulcerative colitis through interference with mucosal immunity","volume":"176","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0133-6","article-title":"Suppression of Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Orally Available Inhibitors of Sphingosine Kinase","volume":"53","author":"Maines","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.12.013","article-title":"Monotropein isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis ameliorates proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via NF-\u03baB inactivation","volume":"53","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.07.033","article-title":"Use of a balanced dual cyclooxygenase-1\/2 and 5-lypoxygenase inhibitor in experimental colitis","volume":"789","author":"Pallio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05608.x","article-title":"Safety of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"97","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-004-1337-2","article-title":"The COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis in mice","volume":"54","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2023.106402","article-title":"A novel CDK8 inhibitor with poly-substituted pyridine core: Discovery and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation in vivo","volume":"133","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0550","article-title":"Evaluation of an Estrogen Receptor-\u03b2 Agonist in Animal Models of Human Disease","volume":"144","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115673","article-title":"Genistein and\/or sulfasalazine ameliorate acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulating INF-\u03b3\/JAK1\/STAT1\/IRF-1, TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB\/IL-6, and JAK2\/STAT3\/COX-2 crosstalk","volume":"214","author":"Elhefnawy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G27","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00460.2001","article-title":"Modulatory effects of estrogen in two murine models of experimental colitis","volume":"283","author":"Verd\u00fa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib89","article-title":"Astragaloside II promotes intestinal epithelial repair by enhancing L-arginine uptake and activating the mTOR pathway","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1237","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90537.2008","article-title":"A novel mTOR inhibitor is efficacious in a murine model of colitis","volume":"295","author":"Bhonde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2006.12.008","article-title":"Targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) for health and diseases","volume":"12","author":"Tsang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1286667","article-title":"Fatty acids and lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease: from mechanism to treatment","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz098","article-title":"Lipidomics in Ulcerative Colitis Reveal Alteration in Mucosal Lipid Composition Associated With the Disease State","volume":"25","author":"Diab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib94","first-page":"262","article-title":"The potential of metabolic and lipid profiling in inflammatory bowel diseases: A pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Tefas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69746-w","article-title":"Spp24 is associated with endocytic signalling, lipid metabolism, and discrimination of tissue integrity for \u2018leaky-gut\u2019 in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Wasinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114636","article-title":"Inherent preference for polyunsaturated fatty acids instigates ferroptosis of Treg cells that aggravates high-fat-diet-related colitis","volume":"43","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2016.03.012","article-title":"Regulation of hepatic energy metabolism by the nuclear receptor PXR","volume":"1859","author":"Hakkola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22169096","article-title":"Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"22","author":"Bromke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2012.03.003","article-title":"Pregnane X receptor as a target for treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036075","article-title":"Alleviation of Gut Inflammation by Cdx2\/Pxr Pathway in a Mouse Model of Chemical Colitis","volume":"7","author":"Dou","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0054","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and fatty acid metabolism in humans: fuelling fat redistribution in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"197","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.06.029","article-title":"Molecular Determinants of Crosstalk between Nuclear Receptors and Toll-like Receptors","volume":"122","author":"Ogawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00730","article-title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Experimental Targeting for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Decara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2013.06.010","article-title":"Definition and evaluation of mucosal healing in clinical practice","volume":"45","author":"Mazzuoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2011.11.002","article-title":"Redox regulation of cell migration and adhesion","volume":"22","author":"Hurd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1390351","article-title":"The emerging role of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"15","author":"Muro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1217165","article-title":"Oxidative stress, hormones, and effects of natural antioxidants on intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4535194","article-title":"Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies","volume":"2017","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1217165","article-title":"Oxidative stress, hormones, and effects of natural antioxidants on intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Sahoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4535194","article-title":"Pathomechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Potential Antioxidant Therapies","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.06.006","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Redox-Modulating Therapeutics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"26","author":"Bourgonje","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1824","article-title":"Expression of NOX1, a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, in colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"207","author":"Szanto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00973","article-title":"NoxO1 Controls Proliferation of Colon Epithelial Cells","volume":"9","author":"Moll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101669","article-title":"Combined NADPH Oxidase 1 and Interleukin 10 Deficiency Induces Chronic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Causes Ulcerative Colitis-Like Disease in Mice","volume":"9","author":"Tr\u00e9ton","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071735","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Keeping Lymphocytes Out of the Intestine","volume":"10","author":"Dal Buono","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1288437","article-title":"The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00322-w","article-title":"Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease","volume":"22","author":"Canovas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.1775","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species-induced activation of the MAP kinase signaling pathways","volume":"8","author":"McCubrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070637","article-title":"Small Molecule Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Ben Ghezala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147685","article-title":"Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere","volume":"22","author":"Pasquini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.171223","article-title":"The Blockade of Adenosine Deaminase Ameliorates Chronic Experimental Colitis through the Recruitment of Adenosine A2A and A3 Receptors","volume":"335","author":"Antonioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1429736","article-title":"Adenosine-mediated immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Vuerich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.99-0508com","article-title":"Adenosine inhibits IL-12 and TNF-\u03b1 production via adenosine A2a receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Hask\u00f3","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.2765","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Critical Role for A2A Adenosine Receptors in the T Cell-Mediated Regulation of Colitis1","volume":"177","author":"Naganuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116996","article-title":"Adenosine and adenosine receptors in metabolic imbalance-related neurological issues","volume":"177","author":"Jang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02028-7","article-title":"A2AR regulate inflammation through PKA\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways in intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2022.01.012","article-title":"Adenosine receptor A2B mediates alcoholic hepatitis by regulating cAMP levels and the NF-KB pathway","volume":"359","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9047","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09047","article-title":"An adenosine A3 receptor agonist inhibits DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulation of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"5","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.12.012","article-title":"Regulation of the Immune Response by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor","volume":"48","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-V\u00e1zquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0125-8","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: an environmental sensor integrating immune responses in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Rothhammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1279172","article-title":"Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from gut microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00208.2004","article-title":"CXCL12 activation of CXCR4 regulates mucosal host defense through stimulation of epithelial cell migration and promotion of intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"288","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02109","article-title":"The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 in Cell Proliferation and Tissue Regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Bianchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.5135","article-title":"Involvement of CXCR4\/CXCR7\/CXCL12 Interactions in Inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Werner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.141085","article-title":"Blockade of CXCL12\/CXCR4 Axis Ameliorates Murine Experimental Colitis","volume":"327","author":"Mikami","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027282","article-title":"CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 Modulates Claudin Expression and Intestinal Barrier Function in Experimental Colitis","volume":"6","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112059119","article-title":"Mice expressing fluorescent PAR2 reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain","volume":"119","author":"Latorre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.150722","article-title":"Protease-activated receptor-2 activation: a major actor in intestinal inflammation","volume":"57","author":"Hyun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112059119","article-title":"Mice expressing fluorescent PAR(2) reveal that endocytosis mediates colonic inflammation and pain","volume":"119","author":"Latorre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-201004","article-title":"An antagonist of human protease activated receptor-2 attenuates PAR2 signaling, macrophage activation, mast cell degranulation, and collagen-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"26","author":"Lohman","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1375","article-title":"Adhesion mechanisms regulating the migration of monocytes","volume":"4","author":"Imhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feagan Brian, G.; Rutgeerts, P.; Sands Bruce, E.; Hanauer, S.; Colombel, J.-F.; Sandborn William, J.; Van Assche, G.; Axler, J.; Kim, H.-J.; Danese, S.; et al. Vedolizumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 699-710, doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215734"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312293","article-title":"Effect of vedolizumab (anti-\u03b14\u03b27-integrin) therapy on histological healing and mucosal gene expression in patients with UC","volume":"67","author":"Arijs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3390\/biologics4020012","article-title":"Unveiling the Potential of JAK Inhibitors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"4","author":"Kamal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00791-1","article-title":"The JAK\/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0273-0","article-title":"JAK\u2013STAT pathway targeting for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Salas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00276","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105739","article-title":"The P2X4 Receptor: Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of a Promising Neuroinflammatory Target","volume":"23","author":"Sophocleous","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-015-9493-0","article-title":"P2X ion channel receptors and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Burnstock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14928","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.25.14928","article-title":"Platelet-activating Factor Induces NF-\u03baB Activation through a G Protein-coupled Pathway (\u2217)","volume":"270","author":"Kravchenko","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0163-3","article-title":"Platelet activating factor receptor regulates colitis-induced pulmonary inflammation through the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3182244a12","article-title":"Anti-inflammation therapy by activation of prostaglandin EP4 receptor in cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases","volume":"59","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214459","article-title":"The prostaglandin receptor EP4 suppresses colitis, mucosal damage and CD4 cell activation in the gut","volume":"109","author":"Kabashima","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01169-6","article-title":"COX-1\/PGE2\/EP4 alleviates mucosal injury by upregulating \u03b2-arr1-mediated Akt signaling in colitis","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030535","article-title":"Targeting Chronic Inflammation of the Digestive System in Cancer Prevention: Modulators of the Bioactive Sphingolipid Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Pathway","volume":"14","author":"McGowan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107464","article-title":"Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway in inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and cancers: A novel therapeutic target","volume":"207","author":"Sukocheva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00829-6","article-title":"Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation","volume":"42","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.004","article-title":"The \u03b22-adrenergic receptor controls inflammation by driving rapid IL-10 secretion","volume":"74","author":"A\u011fa\u00e7","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/628340","article-title":"CCR9 Antagonists in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"2015","author":"Bekker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000059","article-title":"CCL25\/CCR9 Interactions Are Not Essential for Colitis Development but Are Required for Innate Immune Cell Protection from Chronic Experimental Murine Colitis","volume":"20","author":"Wurbel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060094","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of CCX282-B, an orally-administered blocker of chemokine receptor CCR9, for patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"8","author":"Keshav","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.06.046","article-title":"Biarylsulfonamide CCR9 inhibitors for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.997621","article-title":"Regulatory role of KCa3.1 in immune cell function and its emerging association with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910133107","article-title":"Inhibition of the K+ channel KCa3.1 ameliorates T cell\u2013mediated colitis","volume":"107","author":"Di","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib165","article-title":"Understanding the mechanism of ulcerative colitis-induced colorectal cancer and revealing the potential of Dillenia Indica in its management","volume":"11","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800042-JLR200","article-title":"Cyclooxygenases: structural and functional insights","volume":"50","author":"Rouzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JLR (J. Lipid Res.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2018.02.002","article-title":"Influence of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on sex differences in blood pressure and albuminuria in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"135","author":"Elmarakby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostag. Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2458","article-title":"Small-molecule studies identify CDK8 as a regulator of IL-10 in myeloid cells","volume":"13","author":"Johannessen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108350","article-title":"Anticancer or carcinogenic? The role of estrogen receptor \u03b2 in breast cancer progression","volume":"242","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40443","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6217","article-title":"Linking estrogen receptor \u03b2 expression with inflammatory bowel disease activity","volume":"6","author":"Pierdominici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106068","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 alleviates inflammatory lesions in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease via down-regulating P2X7R expression in macrophages","volume":"139","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib172","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 activation alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing NLRP3-dependent IL-1\u03b2 production in macrophages via downregulation of intracellular calcium level","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111454","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 activation inhibits colitis by promoting NLRP6-mediated autophagy","volume":"41","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.15","article-title":"Loss of estrogen-mediated immunoprotection underlies female gender bias in experimental Crohn's-like ileitis","volume":"7","author":"Goodman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abc6373","article-title":"CD4(+) T cell activation and concomitant mTOR metabolic inhibition can ablate microbiota-specific memory cells and prevent colitis","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112217","article-title":"mTOR promotes an inflammatory response through the HIF1 signaling pathway in ulcerative colitis","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1021\/ed100697w","article-title":"ChemSpider: An Online Chemical Information Resource","volume":"87","author":"Pence","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1100","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr777","article-title":"ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery","volume":"40","author":"Gaulton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v3i1.13937","article-title":"An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks","volume":"3","author":"Bastian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-6-13","article-title":"TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines","volume":"6","author":"Ru","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cheminf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1465","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad751","article-title":"Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104963","article-title":"Interactions of antithrombotic herbal medicines with Western cardiovascular drugs","volume":"159","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115197","article-title":"A network pharmacology-based study on the quality control markers of antithrombotic herbs: Using Salvia miltiorrhiza - Ligusticum chuanxiong as an example","volume":"292","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645_bib184","unstructured":"Lin, T.-S.; Cai, X.-X.; Wang, Y.-B.; Xu, J.-T.; Xiao, J.-H.; Huang, H.-Y.; Li, S.-F.; Liu, K.-M.; Chen, J.-H.; Li, L.-P.; et al. Identifying Baicalein as a Key Bioactive Compound in XueBiJing Targeting KEAP1: Implications for Antioxidant Effects."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425004106?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425004106?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:38:53Z","timestamp":1778042333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523425004106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":184,"alternative-id":["S0223523425004106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comprehensive review of small molecules, targets, and pathways in ulcerative colitis treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117645","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117645"}}