{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:34:32Z","timestamp":1786988072677,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002671","name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IPSR\/RMC\/UTARRF\/2022-C1\/F01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPSR\/RMC\/UTARRF\/2022-C1\/F01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T11:48:19Z","timestamp":1748519299000},"page":"117833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A new insight into cardiovascular protective potentials of hydroxylated xanthones"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7912-6746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lai Yen","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Yang Derrick","family":"Cheow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Theng","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoke Keong","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang Mooi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siau Hui","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.001","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks collaboration, 1990-2021","volume":"80","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: projections from 2025 to 2050","author":"Chong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13156","article-title":"Risk factors of deaths related to cardiovascular diseases in world health organization (WHO) member countries","volume":"30","author":"Sahin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Soc. Care Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1432719","article-title":"Low or oscillatory shear stress and endothelial permeability in atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190925163827","article-title":"A brief review of cardiovascular diseases, associated risk factors and current treatment regimes","volume":"25","author":"Flora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S250872","article-title":"Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"15","author":"Pala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.05.055","article-title":"Low-dose colchicine for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"82","author":"Nelson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3844-9","article-title":"Metformin and the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"59","author":"McCreight","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001157","article-title":"Adverse events of colchicine for cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive meta-analysis of 14 188 patients from 21 randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Andreis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac020","article-title":"Side effects of statins: from pathophysiology and epidemiology to diagnostic and therapeutic implications","volume":"118","author":"Ruscica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.07.019","article-title":"Lipoproteins and lipids in cardiovascular disease: from mechanistic insights to therapeutic targeting","volume":"159","author":"Soppert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.011","article-title":"Inhibition of Interleukin-1beta and reduction in atherothrombotic cardiovascular events in the CANTOS trial","volume":"76","author":"Everett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107698","article-title":"Current state and future perspective of cardiovascular medicines derived from natural products","volume":"216","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00422","article-title":"Herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases: efficacy, mechanisms, and safety","volume":"11","author":"Shaito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2004.tb00133.x","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of xanthones as cardiovascular protective agents","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drug Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2022.5176","article-title":"The metabolic and molecular mechanisms of alpha-mangostin in cardiometabolic disorders (Review)","volume":"50","author":"John","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1309","article-title":"Mangiferin modulation of metabolism and metabolic syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Fomenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5862","article-title":"Review of Garcinia mangostana and its xanthones in metabolic syndrome and related complications","volume":"31","author":"Tousian Shandiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1248725","article-title":"Moderate red wine consumption and cardiovascular disease risk: beyond the \"French paradox\"","volume":"36","author":"Lippi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111587","article-title":"Prospective association between total and specific dietary polyphenol intakes and cardiovascular disease risk in the Nutrinet-Sante French cohort","volume":"10","author":"Adriouch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.202200418","article-title":"Synthesis of benzylated amine-substituted xanthone derivatives and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"356","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Pharm (Weinheim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.08.001","article-title":"Anti-inflammation action of xanthones from Swertia chirayita by regulating COX-2\/NF-kappaB\/MAPKs\/Akt signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells","volume":"55","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine (Stuttg.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1370073","article-title":"Naturally occurring benzophenones and xanthones from Garcinia smeathmannii (planch. & triana) oliv. Displayed anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the activities of inflammatory mediators in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Jeelani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110800","article-title":"Cytotoxic xanthones isolated from Calophyllum depressinervosum and Calophyllum buxifolium with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities","volume":"133","author":"Zamakshshari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202001008","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of a new xanthone derivative from aspidistra letreae: in vitro and in silico studies","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00471","article-title":"Xanthone derivatives enhance the therapeutic potential of neomycin against polymicrobial gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"10","author":"Safwan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.05.032","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic activity of some xanthone derivatives with beta1-adrenoceptor affinities in rats","volume":"738","author":"Rapacz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102201","article-title":"Antidiabetic properties of garciniacowone L, a new xanthone with an unusual 5,5,8a-trimethyloctahydro-2H-1-benzopyran moiety, and other xanthones from the twig extract of Garcinia cowa roxb. Ex choisy","volume":"34","author":"Charoensup","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51881-3","article-title":"Identification, characterization and quantification of xanthones from Fridericia Formosa leaves extract with antiviral activity","volume":"14","author":"Vaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib34","article-title":"A natural xanthone suppresses lung cancer growth and metastasis by targeting STAT3 and FAK signaling pathways","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine (Stuttg.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557521666210212152514","article-title":"Xanthone: potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease treatment","volume":"21","author":"Vanessa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116729","article-title":"Discovery of a novel xanthone derivative P24 for anti-AD via targeting sTGFBR3","volume":"276","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.119296","article-title":"Mangiferin mitigates methotrexate-induced liver injury and suppresses hepatic stellate cells activation in rats: imperative role of Nrf2\/NF-kappaB\/NLRP3 signaling axis","volume":"340","author":"El-Sayed","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89890-8","article-title":"Xanthones of Canscora decussata schult","volume":"10","author":"Chaudhljri","year":"1971","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.77","article-title":"Xanthones as antimalarial agents: stage specificity","volume":"62","author":"Ignatushchenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)86673-X","article-title":"Xanthone glycosides","volume":"16","author":"Hostettmann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172678","article-title":"Antitumor and anti-nematode activities of alpha-mangostin","volume":"863","author":"Markowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8303","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17078303","article-title":"Phylattrin, a new cytotoxic xanthone from Calophyllum soulattri","volume":"17","author":"Mah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-024-01526-w","article-title":"Three new xanthones and other anti-inflammatory components from the aerial parts of Hypericum beanii","volume":"48","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2024.2415434","article-title":"Cytotoxic prenylated xanthone derivatives from the twigs of Garcinia cowa","author":"Sukandar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib45","article-title":"Cytotoxic depsidones and xanthones from Garcinia esculenta Y. H. Li","volume":"172","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fitoterapia (Milano, 1934)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1245071","article-title":"Investigation of bacterial neuraminidase inhibition of xanthones bearing geranyl and prenyl groups from Cratoxylum cochinchinense","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NP00050A","article-title":"Xanthone dimers: a compound family which is both common and privileged","volume":"32","author":"Wezeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib48","article-title":"Xanthone derivatives from the endophyte fungus Irpex laceratus A878","volume":"175","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fitoterapia (Milano, 1934)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib49","article-title":"Metabolomics-guided discovery of new dimeric xanthones from Co-Cultures of mangrove endophytic fungi Phomopsis asparagi DHS-48 and phomopsis sp. DHS-11","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2022.07.012","article-title":"A new xanthonolignoid and other constituents of Psorospermum aurantiacum (Hypericaceae) stems with antibacterial and antioxidant activities","volume":"150","author":"T\u00e9n\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI184134","article-title":"Mechanisms of postischemic cardiac death and protection following myocardial injury","volume":"135","author":"Mastoor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33790","article-title":"Protective effects of demethylbellidifolin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"68","author":"Jiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CARD.0000041247.95545.55","article-title":"3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyxanthone protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"18","author":"Dai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1371157","article-title":"Xanthones isolated from Gentianella acuta and their protective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced myocardial cell injury","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2692970","article-title":"Effects of four compounds from Gentianella acuta (michx.) hulten on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in H9c2 cells","volume":"2019","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.068","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of the xanthones from Gentianella acuta against myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2003.12.027","article-title":"1,4-dihydroxyxanthone modulates the adhesive property of endothelial cells by inhibiting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin","volume":"12","author":"Madan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(02)00262-6","article-title":"Xanthones as inhibitors of microsomal lipid peroxidation and TNF-Alpha induced ICAM-1 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)","volume":"10","author":"Madan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9093026","article-title":"ADMA: a key player in the relationship between vascular dysfunction and inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Dowsett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-818008","article-title":"Demethylbellidifolin inhibits adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells via reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level","volume":"69","author":"Jiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2019.108778","article-title":"1,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxyxanthone, a natural xanthone, induces diuresis and saluresis in normotensive and hypertensive rats","volume":"311","author":"Bolda Mariano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab026","article-title":"1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone promotes diuresis, renal protection and antiurolithic properties in normotensive and hypertensive rats","volume":"73","author":"Mariano","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-023-01132-z","article-title":"Hypertension and dyslipidemia: the two partners in endothelium-related crime","volume":"25","author":"Dabrowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.12.003","article-title":"Mechanism of the vasodilator effect of euxanthone in rat small mesenteric arteries","volume":"17","author":"Camara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytomedicine (Stuttg.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-003-0756-x","article-title":"Protective effects of daviditin A against endothelial damage induced by lysophosphatidylcholine","volume":"367","author":"Jiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1088388","article-title":"Vasodilator and antioxidant effect of xanthones isolated from Brazilian medicinal plants","volume":"75","author":"Capettini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-864108","article-title":"Xanthones from the roots of Polygala caudata and their antioxidation and vasodilatation activities in vitro","volume":"71","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1350803","article-title":"Mechanism of the vasodilator effect of mono-oxygenated xanthones: a structure-activity relationship study","volume":"79","author":"Diniz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-004-0973-y","article-title":"4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyxanthone prevents vascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by high glucose","volume":"370","author":"Dai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7930","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00023G","article-title":"Inhibition of the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by hydroxylated xanthones","volume":"13","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180403122003","article-title":"Recent findings in molecular basis of inflammation and anti-inflammatory plants","volume":"24","author":"Kazemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6","article-title":"Targeting NF-kappaB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180327165604","article-title":"Signaling pathways in inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapies","volume":"24","author":"Yeung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180016","article-title":"Effect of norathyriol, isolated from Tripterospermum lanceolatum, on A23187-induced pleurisy and analgesia in mice","volume":"350","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90440-5","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of norathyriol, a xanthone from Tripterospermum lanceolatum, on cutaneous plasma extravasation","volume":"251","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600811114","article-title":"Gamma-pyrone compounds. II: synthesis and antiplatelet effects of tetraoxygenated xanthones","volume":"81","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600820103","article-title":"gamma-Pyrone compounds. IV: synthesis and antiplatelet effects of mono- and dioxygenated xanthones and xanthonoxypropanolamine","volume":"82","author":"Lin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1996.tb05969.x","article-title":"Synthesis and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone derivatives","volume":"48","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113319","article-title":"Natural and synthetic xanthone derivatives counteract oxidative stress via Nrf2 modulation in inflamed human macrophages","volume":"23","author":"Gallorini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.06.023","article-title":"Activation of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling: an important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib81","article-title":"Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of dihydroisocoumarin and xanthone derivatives from garcinia picrorhiza","volume":"26","author":"Sukandar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1280114","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory xanthones from the twigs of Hypericum oblongifolium wall","volume":"77","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib83","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of xanthones from Hypericum beanii on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells through reduced NO production and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and COX-2 expression","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1399385","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds isolated from Swertia mussotii","volume":"33","author":"Xiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2703105","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"27","author":"Shaito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00132-9","article-title":"Examination of the inhibitory effect of norathyriol in formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced respiratory burst in rat neutrophils","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201900100","article-title":"1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one exerts its antiageing effect through the regulation of stress-response genes and the MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"352","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Pharm (Weinheim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib88","article-title":"Garcinoxanthones SV, new xanthone derivatives from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana together with their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities","volume":"151","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fitoterapia (Milano, 1934)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib89","first-page":"164","article-title":"Isolated of calanon and 2.8-dihydroxy xanhone from calophyllum sclerophyllum vesque and their antioxidant and toxicity activities","volume":"13","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2018.1454437","article-title":"Synthesis and antitumor, antityrosinase, and antioxidant activities of xanthone","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914675","article-title":"Xanthones isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinensis reduced oxidative stress in periodontal ligament stem cells","volume":"24","author":"Ruangsawasdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.01.006","article-title":"In silico and in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity evaluation of oxygenated xanthone derivatives","volume":"13","author":"Cidade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833_bib93","article-title":"2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide radical (PTIO\u2217) trapping activity and mechanisms of 16 phenolic xanthones","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425005987?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425005987?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T08:39:06Z","timestamp":1754987946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523425005987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0223523425005987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A new insight into cardiovascular protective potentials of hydroxylated xanthones","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117833","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117833"}}