{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:18:49Z","timestamp":1793636329147,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T14:19:32Z","timestamp":1757859572000},"page":"118166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bioisosterism: an approach to develop new anti-cancer agents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"300","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akash","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Digambar Kumar","family":"Waiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem Shanker","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushant Kumar","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2021.1933427","article-title":"Applications of fluorine to the construction of bioisosteric elements for the purposes of novel drug discovery","volume":"16","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The use of bioisosterism in drug design and molecular modification","volume":"2","author":"Gaikwad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. PharmTech Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib3","first-page":"317","article-title":"The origins and evolution of the isoelectronic principle","volume":"8","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Chemical Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib4","series-title":"Computer Aided Drug Design (CADD): from Ligand-based Methods to Structure-based Approaches","first-page":"57","article-title":"Ligand-based drug design (LBDD)","author":"Yadav","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib5","series-title":"Bioisosteres in Medicinal Chemistry","author":"Mannhold","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1021\/cr950066q","article-title":"Bioisosterism: a rational approach in drug design","volume":"96","author":"Patani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemical reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406418666220127124228","article-title":"Bioisosterism in drug discovery and development-an overview","volume":"18","author":"Jayashree","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib8","article-title":"Cancer care in resource-limited countries: Jordan as an example","volume":"10","author":"Abdel-Razeq","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Glob. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2991\/jegh.k.191008.001","article-title":"Current cancer epidemiology","volume":"9","author":"Mattiuzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of epidemiology and global health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci8010015","article-title":"Epidemiology of bladder cancer","volume":"8","author":"Saginala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib11","first-page":"443","article-title":"Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA: a cancer journal for clinicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19040970","article-title":"DNA damage, mutagenesis and cancer","volume":"19","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.01.001","article-title":"The effects of environmental chemical carcinogens on the microRNA machinery","volume":"217","author":"Izzotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061039","article-title":"Viruses and bacteria associated with cancer: an overview","volume":"13","author":"Zella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4720","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13184720","article-title":"The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in cancer invasion and metastasis","volume":"13","author":"Asif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib16","series-title":"Hallmark of Cancer: Replicative Immortality","author":"Bailey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0063-y","article-title":"Cell death-based treatment of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Denisenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0282","article-title":"How cancers escape immune destruction and mechanisms of action for the new significantly active immune therapies: helping nonimmunologists decipher recent advances","volume":"21","author":"Messerschmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2019.11.001","article-title":"The biology of cancer","volume":"48","author":"Nenclares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines5020034","article-title":"The role of angiogenesis in cancer treatment","volume":"5","author":"Rajabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11081144","article-title":"Cancer metabolism and the evasion of apoptotic cell death","volume":"11","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0209","article-title":"Targeting inflammation in cancer prevention and therapy","volume":"9","author":"Todoric","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers9050052","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor cell proliferation signaling pathways","volume":"9","author":"Wee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib24","article-title":"Genomic instability and cancer","volume":"5","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Carcinog. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/35052073","article-title":"Untangling the ErbB signalling network","volume":"2","author":"Yarden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1062-7","article-title":"Role of the dynamic tumor microenvironment in controversies regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib27","series-title":"Tumor-Suppressor Genes","author":"Joyce","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2723","article-title":"The first 30 years of p53: growing ever more complex","volume":"9","author":"Levine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.045","article-title":"Immune responses to malignancies","volume":"125","author":"Whiteside","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2011.12.009","article-title":"Targeting the PD-1\/B7-H1 (PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity","volume":"24","author":"Topalian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib31","series-title":"Seminars in Cancer Biology","first-page":"349","article-title":"Role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer","author":"Shay","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/149185","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"2014","author":"Landskron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of immunology research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04046-0","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer: back to virchow?","volume":"357","author":"Balkwill","year":"2001","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.02.002","article-title":"Oxidative stress resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to gastric carcinogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Butcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00005","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: adaptive cellular mechanisms involved in disease progression","volume":"9","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102891","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of H. Pylori-induced DNA double-strand breaks","volume":"19","author":"Kidane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15357","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori\u2010induced DNA double\u2010stranded break in the development of gastric cancer","volume":"113","author":"Murata\u2010Kamiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.12767","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol.: WJG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13050315","article-title":"The roles of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23 in the Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal inflammation: a review","volume":"13","author":"Dewayani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2014.8.2.131","article-title":"Immune response and the tumor microenvironment: how they communicate to regulate gastric cancer","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut and liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-017-0360-1","article-title":"Role of LPS-elicited signaling in triggering gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori: modulatory effect of ghrelin","volume":"25","author":"Slomiany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-20-175","article-title":"Primary tumor and metastasis\u2014sectioning the different steps of the metastatic cascade","volume":"9","author":"Popper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020117-043854","article-title":"Epithelial mesenchymal transition in tumor metastasis","volume":"13","author":"Mittal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2016.1161620","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the main extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes in collagen degradation, as a target for anticancer drugs","volume":"31","author":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ska-Trypu\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib45","first-page":"759","article-title":"Differential expression of E-cadherin in primary breast cancer and corresponding lymph node metastases","volume":"35","author":"Fulga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.007","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease","volume":"139","author":"Thiery","year":"2009","journal-title":"cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03351-7","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities","volume":"77","author":"Lugano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.04.004","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis: MMP-mediated induction of intravasation-and metastasis-sustaining neovasculature","volume":"44","author":"Deryugina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.948420","article-title":"Placental growth factor in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Dewerchin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175586","article-title":"The role of VEGF in cancer-induced angiogenesis and research progress of drugs targeting VEGF","volume":"949","author":"Ghalehbandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cathepsin D in the tumor microenvironment of breast and ovarian cancers","volume":"A","author":"Pranjol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Players\u2013Part"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2015.1062475","article-title":"The potential of fibroblast growth factor\/fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling as a therapeutic target in tumor angiogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Ronca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170724142641","article-title":"Pro-angiogenic molecules for therapeutic angiogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Selvaprithviraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib54","series-title":"Handbook of Cancer and Immunology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cancer","author":"Tahmasebi","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0027","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress","volume":"25","author":"Ferrara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-015-9505-5","article-title":"Centrosome amplification, chromosomal instability and cancer: mechanistic, clinical and therapeutic issues","volume":"24","author":"Cosenza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chromosome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2020.02.009","article-title":"Chromothripsis and telomere crisis: engines of genome instability","volume":"60","author":"Dewhurst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-016-0634-y","article-title":"A role for the spindle assembly checkpoint in the DNA damage response","volume":"63","author":"Palou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00615-3","article-title":"Cancer susceptibility and the functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2","volume":"108","author":"Venkitaraman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.28031","article-title":"Interactions of multidomain pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer cell death","volume":"12","author":"Chota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011193","article-title":"P53 and BCL-2 family proteins PUMA and NOXA define competitive fitness in pluripotent cell competition","volume":"20","author":"Valverde-Lopez","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc883","article-title":"The Bcl2 family: regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch","volume":"2","author":"Cory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib63","first-page":"7","article-title":"Molecular and clinical progress in follicular lymphoma lacking the t (14; 18) translocation","volume":"56","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-015-3857-y","article-title":"Introduction to the molecular basis of cancer metabolism and the Warburg effect","volume":"42","author":"Ngo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"324","author":"Vander Heiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11136","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ00710F","article-title":"1, 2, 4-Triazolo [4, 3-c] quinazolines: a bioisosterism-guided approach towards the development of novel PCAF inhibitors with potential anticancer activity","volume":"45","author":"El-Shershaby","year":"2021","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2021.116266","article-title":"From triazolophthalazines to triazoloquinazolines: a bioisosterism-guided approach toward the identification of novel PCAF inhibitors with potential anticancer activity","volume":"42","author":"El-Shershaby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.113661","article-title":"Bioisosteric replacements of the indole moiety for the development of a potent and selective PI3K\u03b4 inhibitor: design, synthesis and biological evaluation","volume":"223","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.08.056","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of 4-anilinoquinazoline bioisosteres as potential anti-breast cancer agents","volume":"86","author":"El-Ansary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9685","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189685","article-title":"Novel pyridine bioisostere of cabozantinib as a potent c-met kinase inhibitor: synthesis and anti-tumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Karmacharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2023.112384","article-title":"Synthesis of novel zinc porphyrins with bioisosteric replacement of sorafenib: efficient theranostic agents for anti-cancer application","volume":"249","author":"Chavda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.01.053","article-title":"Discovery of 2-methoxy-3-phenylsulfonamino-5-(quinazolin-6-yl or quinolin-6-yl) benzamides as novel PI3K inhibitors and anticancer agents by bioisostere","volume":"75","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.110255","article-title":"Antitumor activity of a pexidartinib bioisostere inhibiting CSF1 production and CSF1R kinase activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"369","author":"Awasthi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MD00571G","article-title":"Allenamide as a bioisostere of acrylamide in the design and synthesis of targeted covalent inhibitors","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"MedChemComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00508","article-title":"Bioisosteric replacement of arylamide-linked spine residues with N-Acylhydrazones and selenophenes as a design strategy to novel dibenzosuberone derivatives as type I 1\/2 p38\u03b1 MAP kinase inhibitors","volume":"63","author":"Pedreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83030-1","article-title":"Exploring target selectivity in designing and identifying PI3K\u03b1 inhibitors for triple negative breast cancer with fragment-based and bioisosteric replacement approach","volume":"15","author":"Halder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2015.08.006","article-title":"Design and synthesis of novel hydroxyanthraquinone nitrogen mustard derivatives as potential anticancer agents via a bioisostere approach","volume":"102","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116340","article-title":"Synthesis and biological activity of thiophene bioisosteres of natural styryl lactone goniofufurone and related compounds","volume":"269","author":"Popsavin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14780","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01265","article-title":"From pyrazolones to azaindoles: evolution of active-site SHP2 inhibitors based on scaffold hopping and bioisosteric replacement","volume":"63","author":"Mostinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.05.029","article-title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel substituted purine isosters as EGFR kinase inhibitors, with promising pharmacokinetic profile and in vivo efficacy","volume":"176","author":"Gavriil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114501","article-title":"A bioisosteric approach to the discovery of novel N-aryl-N\u2032-[4-(aryloxy) cyclohexyl] squaramide-based activators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2\u03b1) phosphorylation","volume":"239","author":"Kwak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.07.033","article-title":"Bioisosteric replacement of an acylureido moiety attached to an indolin-2-one scaffold with a malonamido or a 2\/4-pyridinoylamido moiety produces a selectively potent Aurora-B inhibitor","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2024.117999","article-title":"Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of boronic acid bioisosteres of combretastatin A-4 as anticancer agents","volume":"116","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13094","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.2c00940","article-title":"Boronic acid: a novel pharmacophore targeting src homology 2 (SH2) domain of STAT3","volume":"65","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.01.096","article-title":"Development of MBRI-001, a deuterium-substituted plinabulin derivative as a potent anti-cancer agent","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.03.068","article-title":"Synthetic analogues of durantoside I from Citharexylum spinosum L. and their cytotoxic activity","volume":"28","author":"Apisornopas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.70099","article-title":"Novel oxadiazole\u2010based Bioisostere of caffeic acid phenethyl ester: synthesis, anticancer activity, and inhibition of lipoxygenase product biosynthesis","volume":"86","author":"Robichaud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib88","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scaffold hopping for designing of potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitors to overcome docetaxel resistance: synthesis and evaluation","author":"Raju","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060891","article-title":"The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies","volume":"16","author":"Blanco-Gonzalez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3884","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16223884","article-title":"Artificial intelligence\u2013driven computational approaches in the development of anticancer drugs","volume":"16","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28072951","article-title":"Discovery of N, 4-Di (1 H-pyrazol-4-yl) pyrimidin-2-amine-derived CDK2 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: design, synthesis, and evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Fanta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425009316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523425009316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:22:51Z","timestamp":1760023371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523425009316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0223523425009316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bioisosterism: an approach to develop new anti-cancer agents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.118166","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118166"}}