{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T13:05:40Z","timestamp":1793970340774,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012899","name":"Lanzhou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["561120208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["561120208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018621","name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRT_15R27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT_15R27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-I2M-2-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-I2M-2-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-3-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-3-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-I2M-5-074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5-074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-I2M-1-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:36:57Z","timestamp":1774543017000},"page":"118802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Engineering \u03b2-amino acid antimicrobial peptides with enhanced stability and potential efficacy against gram-negative bacterial infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanhu","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingman","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","article-title":"Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance","volume":"74","author":"Davies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/bjbs.2023.11387","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)","volume":"80","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2022.107962","article-title":"Strategies employed in the design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced proteolytic stability","volume":"59","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04051","article-title":"Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a saprophytic fungus","volume":"437","author":"Mygind","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00056-05","article-title":"Peptide antimicrobial agents","volume":"19","author":"Jenssen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.09.041","article-title":"Gold-nanoparticles coated with the antimicrobial peptide esculentin-1a(1-21)NH(2) as a reliable strategy for antipseudomonal drugs","volume":"47","author":"Casciaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00238","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of ultra-short cationic \u03b2-Peptides","volume":"9","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c08680","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of urea-containing \u03b1\/\u03b2 hybrid peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"10","author":"Firdous","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9421","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00583","article-title":"Rational avoidance of protease cleavage sites and symmetrical end-tagging significantly enhances the stability and therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2010.06.003","article-title":"Sulfate ion interaction with 'anion recognition' short peptide motif at the N-terminus of an isolated helix: a conformational landscape","volume":"171","author":"Sheet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.10.001","article-title":"Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as drug targets in eukaryotic parasites","volume":"4","author":"Pham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6608","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70202","article-title":"Biophysical characterization and interaction study of WhiB6 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with espA","volume":"292","author":"Teena","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111636","article-title":"Design and synthesis of new N-terminal fatty acid modified-antimicrobial peptide analogues with potent in vitro biological activity","volume":"182","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867024606759","article-title":"Beta-amino acids: versatile peptidomimetics","volume":"9","author":"Steer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070785","article-title":"Bioinspired Co-Assembled hydrogels constructed from marine self-assembling peptides and polyphenol network: Antioxidant and infected wound healing","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib16","article-title":"Novel synthesis of the Antifungal Cyclic Lipopeptide iturin A and its fluorinated analog for structure-activity relationship studies","volume":"31","author":"Karamanis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.09.016","article-title":"Short hybrid peptides incorporating \u03b2- and \u03b3-amino acids as antimicrobial agents","volume":"97","author":"Wani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c02404","article-title":"Unlocking antibacterial potential: Key-Site-Based regulation of antibacterial spectrum of peptides","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8526","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00181","article-title":"Structure-Activity relationship Study of antimicrobial peptide PE2 delivered novel linear derivatives with potential of eradicating biofilms and low incidence of drug resistance","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2463-7","article-title":"Clearance of cerebral A\u03b2 in Alzheimer's disease: reassessing the role of microglia and monocytes","volume":"74","author":"Zuroff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00194","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: an emerging category of therapeutic agents","volume":"6","author":"Mahlapuu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.05.023","article-title":"Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of physiological conditions on the activity of enantiomeric forms of an \u03b1-helical antibacterial peptide against bacteria","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.06.005","article-title":"Antimicrobial potency and selectivity of simplified symmetric-end peptides","volume":"35","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7570","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00460","article-title":"To fold or not to fold: diastereomeric optimization of an \u03b1-Helical antimicrobial peptide","volume":"66","author":"Personne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadl4870","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adl4870","article-title":"A host defense peptide-mimicking prodrug activated by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1111","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activities of platelet microbicidal protein and neutrophil defensin against Staphylococcus aureus are influenced by antibiotics differing in mechanism of action","volume":"43","author":"Xiong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2016.04.002","article-title":"Mechanisms and consequences of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides","volume":"26","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00168","article-title":"Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria: what they do, how they do it, with what and how to deal with them","volume":"4","author":"Amaral","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan4044","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan4044","article-title":"The antimicrobial peptide SAAP-148 combats drug-resistant bacteria and biofilms","volume":"10","author":"de Breij","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6819","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201914304","article-title":"A glycosylated cationic block Poly(\u03b2-peptide) reverses intrinsic antibiotic resistance in all ESKAPE gram-negative bacteria","volume":"59","author":"Si","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-0902-x","article-title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam: a review in the treatment of serious gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"78","author":"Shirley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0013-7","article-title":"Ceftazidime-avibactam: a novel cephalosporin\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination","volume":"73","author":"Zhanel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-1054-3","article-title":"Plazomicin: a novel aminoglycoside for the treatment of resistant gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"79","author":"Eljaaly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1095180","article-title":"Plazomicin: an investigational therapy for the treatment of urinary tract infections","volume":"24","author":"Karaiskos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Invest. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.25","article-title":"Comparison of the next-generation aminoglycoside plazomicin to gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin","volume":"10","author":"Zhanel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.1.2","article-title":"Mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide action and resistance","volume":"55","author":"Yeaman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0158-9","article-title":"Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms","volume":"17","author":"Flemming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00913","article-title":"Tolerance and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to antimicrobial agents-how P. aeruginosa can escape antibiotics","volume":"10","author":"Ciofu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6275","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Galicia-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415","article-title":"The biofilm matrix","volume":"8","author":"Flemming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1838","article-title":"Physiological heterogeneity in biofilms","volume":"6","author":"Stewart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.12.002","article-title":"Extracellular DNA as a target for biofilm control","volume":"33","author":"Okshevsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113618","article-title":"Biofilm-disrupting DNA nanomedicines for targeted elimination of resistant wound microbiota","volume":"381","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32830634d8","article-title":"The role of chelators in preventing biofilm formation and catheter-related bloodstream infections","volume":"21","author":"Raad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2474","article-title":"Targeting bacterial membrane function: an underexploited mechanism for treating persistent infections","volume":"9","author":"Hurdle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.01.026","article-title":"Design, structural and functional characterization of a Temporin-1b analog active against Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"1830","author":"Avitabile","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.08.007","article-title":"Polymyxins induce lipid scrambling and disrupt the homeostasis of Gram-negative bacteria membrane","volume":"121","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00971.x","article-title":"Fluorometric assessment of gram-negative bacterial permeabilization","volume":"88","author":"Helander","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-014-9753-4","article-title":"Bovine and human lactoferricin peptides: Chimeras and new cyclic analogs","volume":"27","author":"Arias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116451","article-title":"Arginine and tryptophan-rich dendritic antimicrobial peptides that disrupt membranes for bacterial infection in vivo","volume":"271","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000585","article-title":"Neuron-glia interaction through Serotonin-BDNF-NGFR axis enables regenerative neurogenesis in Alzheimer's model of adult zebrafish brain","volume":"18","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b01123","article-title":"High-Resolution in situ NMR spectroscopy of bacterial envelope proteins in outer membrane vesicles","volume":"59","author":"Thoma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.137","article-title":"Crystal structures of the OmpF porin: function in a colicin translocon","volume":"27","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Embo j"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122419","article-title":"Effects of synthetic short cationic antimicrobial peptides on the catalytic activity of myeloperoxidase, reducing its oxidative capacity","volume":"11","author":"Vakhrusheva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010267","article-title":"A novel antimicrobial peptide Sp-LECin with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and anti-pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in zebrafish","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.059","article-title":"Bactericidal antibiotics induce toxic metabolic perturbations that lead to cellular damage","volume":"13","author":"Belenky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31958","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of antimicrobial peptides against ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Roque-Borda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1590\/s1677-5538.ibju.2016.0638","article-title":"Early term effect of ureterorenoscopy (URS) on the kidney: research measuring NGAL, KIM-1, FABP and CYS C levels in urine","volume":"43","author":"Benli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Braz. J. Urol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2020.151433","article-title":"Synthesis and anti-pseudomonal activity of new \u00df-Ala modified analogues of the antimicrobial peptide anoplin","volume":"310","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105328","article-title":"Polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity and its predictors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted using RIFLE criteria of acute kidney injury","volume":"163","author":"Sisay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-017-0596-3","article-title":"Polymyxin resistance in gram-negative pathogens","volume":"19","author":"Srinivas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3995","article-title":"Toxicity of polymyxins: a systematic review of the evidence from old and recent studies","volume":"10","author":"Falagas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1064","article-title":"Plazomicin-associated nephrotoxicity","volume":"71","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.113138","article-title":"Ultra-short lipopeptides against gram-positive bacteria while alleviating antimicrobial resistance","volume":"212","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2020.129532","article-title":"Enhanced cell selectivity of hybrid peptides with potential antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory effect","volume":"1864","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gen. Subj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2024.116337","article-title":"A novel antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum and exceptional stability derived from the natural peptide Brevicidine","volume":"269","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.10.003","article-title":"Short, mirror-symmetric antimicrobial peptides centered on \"RRR\" have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with low drug resistance and toxicity","volume":"154","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2020.08.008","article-title":"Polymyxin B combinations with FDA-approved non-antibiotic phenothiazine drugs targeting multi-drug resistance of Gram-negative pathogens","volume":"18","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114470","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides with symmetric structures against multidrug-resistant bacteria while alleviating antimicrobial resistance","volume":"186","author":"Zhong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6365","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c02339","article-title":"Novel \u03b2-Hairpin antimicrobial peptide containing the \u03b2-Turn sequence of -NG- and the Tryptophan Zippers facilitate self-assembly into nanofibers, exhibiting excellent antimicrobial performance","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20081","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c00922","article-title":"Fluorinated modification as a simple strategy that effectively enhances the stability and activity of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"68","author":"Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12081206","article-title":"Versatile layer-by-layer highly stable multilayer films: study of the loading and release of FITC-Labeled short peptide in the drug delivery field","volume":"12","author":"Nie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.110633","article-title":"Emodin enhances host antiviral immunity against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus by activating RLR signaling in largemouth bass","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117341","article-title":"Ultra-short lipopeptides containing d-amino acid exhibiting excellent stability and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria","volume":"287","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/00236772251326352","article-title":"The (re)turn of the 3Rs: an inquiry into the normative nature of russell and Burch's principles of humane experimental technique - their misunderstanding, reform and implementation through an ethics tool","volume":"59","author":"Grimm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab Anim"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119444","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000}}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523426002473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523426002473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T13:24:36Z","timestamp":1776173076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523426002473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0223523426002473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Engineering \u03b2-amino acid antimicrobial peptides with enhanced stability and potential efficacy against gram-negative bacterial infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.118802","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118802"}}