{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:29:56Z","timestamp":1793683796386,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002835","name":"Chalmers tekniska hogskola","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002385","name":"Ministry of Higher Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"University of Helsinki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:06:23Z","timestamp":1783627583000},"page":"119138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Design, synthesis, and integrated biological and molecular modeling studies of ciprofloxacin\u2013amino acid derivatives as multi-target antimicrobials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"318","author":[{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Kamal El-sagheir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareth","family":"Sidarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-7653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"Yli-Kauhaluoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010016","article-title":"Innovative strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance and tolerance","volume":"11","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810090","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Arthrospira platensis-mediated gold nanoparticles against Streptococcus pneumoniae: a metabolomic and docking study","volume":"25","author":"Azmy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/541340","article-title":"Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis","volume":"2014","author":"Tanwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197111","article-title":"The impact of antibiotic use on transmission of resistant bacteria in hospitals: insights from an agent-based model","volume":"13","author":"Almagor","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2024.100083","article-title":"Overview of antimicrobial resistance and mechanisms: the relative status of the past and current","volume":"3","author":"Devi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2025.107247","article-title":"Fluoroquinolones as versatile scaffolds: potential for targeting classical and novel mechanisms to combat antibacterial resistance","volume":"214","author":"El-sagheir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2020.10.013","article-title":"FtsZ dynamics in bacterial division: what, how, and why?","volume":"68","author":"Barrows","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-58843-3_4","article-title":"Building the bacterial divisome at the septum","volume":"104","author":"Morrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Subcell. Biochem."},{"issue":"6326","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aak9973","article-title":"Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell division","volume":"355","author":"Bisson-Filho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01541-16","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and regulation of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane barrier by host innate immune molecules","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14280","article-title":"Creative targeting of the Gram-negative outer membrane in antibiotic discovery","volume":"1459","author":"MacNair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky151","article-title":"Treatment of human challenge and MDR strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with LpxC inhibitors","volume":"73","author":"John","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2017.1360282","article-title":"LpxC inhibitors: a patent review (2010-2016)","volume":"27","author":"Kalinin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.12.005","article-title":"Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship evaluation of novel LpxC inhibitors as Gram-negative antibacterial agents","volume":"28","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-020-01808-w","article-title":"The structure-based reaction mechanism of urease, a nickel dependent enzyme: tale of a long debate","volume":"25","author":"Mazzei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05736-4","article-title":"Design and synthesis of novel nitrothiazolacetamide conjugated to different thioquinazolinone derivatives as anti-urease agents","volume":"12","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266322401241021073138","article-title":"Hydroxamic acids derivatives: greener synthesis, antiureolytic properties and potential medicinal chemistry applications - a concise review","volume":"25","author":"Luciana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2018.01.007","article-title":"Recent advances in design of new urease inhibitors: a review","volume":"13","author":"Kafarski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300241","article-title":"Design, synthesis, characterization and computational studies of mannich bases oxadiazole derivatives as new class of jack bean urease inhibitors","volume":"20","author":"Mutahir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biodiversity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040268","article-title":"The current case of quinolones: synthetic approaches and antibacterial activity","volume":"21","author":"Naeem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1840353","article-title":"Bacterial death from treatment with fluoroquinolones and other lethal stressors","volume":"19","author":"Drlica","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MD00309D","article-title":"Rational design, synthesis, molecular modeling, biological activity, and mechanism of action of polypharmacological norfloxacin hydroxamic acid derivatives","volume":"14","author":"Kamal El-sagheir","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43271","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07221","article-title":"Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, biological activity, and mechanism of action of novel amino acid derivatives of norfloxacin","volume":"8","author":"Kamal El-sagheir","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.5b00146","article-title":"Syntheses and antibacterial activity of N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivatives based on the trimethyl lock","volume":"6","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18663","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c00554","article-title":"N-acylated ciprofloxacin derivatives: synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation as antibacterial and anticancer agents","volume":"8","author":"Struga","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112513","article-title":"Design, synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel glycosylated-fluoroquinolones derivatives","volume":"202","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.05.026","article-title":"Studies on the antimicrobial properties of N-acylated ciprofloxacins","volume":"22","author":"Cormier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2019.22045","article-title":"Docking, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diketoquinoline analogues as HIV-1 integrase inhibitor","volume":"31","author":"Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J. Chem."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32665","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c04310","article-title":"Discovery of novel inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase using a QSAR-based approach","volume":"7","author":"Jakhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15111416","article-title":"Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, and anticancer evaluation of new VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on the indolin-2-one scaffold","volume":"15","author":"Abdelgawad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241914739","article-title":"New insights into acylhydrazones E\/Z isomerization: an experimental and theoretical approach","volume":"24","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Palacios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.05.050","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of live attenuated persistent and rapidly cleared Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidates in non-human primates","volume":"27","author":"Larsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib33","series-title":"35th Ed. M100\u2011Ed35","article-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-024-00051-6","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility testing using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays","volume":"2","author":"Kade\u0159\u00e1bkov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Antimicrob. Resist."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv161","article-title":"Mode of action of closthioamide: the first member of the polythioamide class of bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors","volume":"70","author":"Chiriac","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.3c00038","article-title":"N4-Substituted piperazinyl norfloxacin derivatives with broad-spectrum activity and multiple mechanisms on gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and bacterial cell wall synthesis","volume":"3","author":"Kamal El-sagheir","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Bio Med Chem Au"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16169","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311066110","article-title":"Bacterial cytological profiling rapidly identifies the cellular pathways targeted by antibacterial molecules","volume":"110","author":"Nonejuie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.01.020","article-title":"Bacterial cytological profiling (BCP) as a rapid and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing method for Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"4","author":"Quach","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03275-23","article-title":"Dissecting antibiotic effects on the cell envelope using bacterial cytological profiling: a phenotypic analysis starter kit","volume":"12","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.540898","article-title":"A how-to guide for mode of action analysis of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"10","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00019","article-title":"Division site positioning in bacteria: one size does not fit all","volume":"5","author":"Monahan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12281","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005485107","article-title":"Membrane potential is important for bacterial cell division","volume":"107","author":"Strahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaf041","article-title":"Hallmarks of DNA replication stress responses in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis","volume":"49","author":"Torres","year":"2025","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-68911-5","article-title":"Expanding the DNA damaging potential of artificial metallo-nucleases with click chemistry","volume":"17","author":"Gibney","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-026-00211-w","article-title":"A platinum butterfly effect: small changes turn an anticancer drug into a non-toxic metalloantibiotic with in vivo efficacy","author":"\u00d6zsan","year":"2026","journal-title":"npj Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185723","article-title":"Plectasin, a fungal defensin, targets the bacterial cell wall precursor Lipid II","volume":"328","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01380-12","article-title":"Proteomic response of Bacillus subtilis to lantibiotics reflects differences in interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane","volume":"56","author":"Wenzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7915.2008.00063.x","article-title":"Mechanism of action of and resistance to quinolones","volume":"2","author":"F\u00e0brega","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.4.1147-1152.2003","article-title":"Branching of Escherichia coli cells arises from multiple sites of inert peptidoglycan","volume":"185","author":"de Pedro","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04994.x","article-title":"The C-terminal end of LpxC is required for degradation by the FtsH protease","volume":"59","author":"F\u00fchrer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-418-0_16","article-title":"A high-throughput assay for DNA topoisomerases and other enzymes, based on DNA triplex formation","volume":"613","author":"Burrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237153","article-title":"Biological effects of quinolones: a family of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents","volume":"26","author":"Millanao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.07.052","article-title":"3-Arylpropionylhydroxamic acid derivatives as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors: synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/03067310902962528","article-title":"A new approach to indophenol blue method for determination of ammonium in geothermal waters with high mineral content","volume":"90","author":"Tzollas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4973","article-title":"A fluorescence-based homogeneous assay for measuring activity of UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase","volume":"290","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17363","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01262","article-title":"Development of fragment-based inhibitors of the bacterial deacetylase LpxC with low nanomolar activity","volume":"67","author":"Mielniczuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1541379","article-title":"Recent advances in small molecule LpxC inhibitors against gram-negative bacteria (2014\u20132024)","volume":"16","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115964","article-title":"Lead optimization of 2-hydroxymethyl imidazoles as non-hydroxamate LpxC inhibitors: discovery of TP0586532","volume":"30","author":"Ushiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib59","first-page":"2291","volume":"68","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02487-19","article-title":"A roadblock-and-kill mechanism of action model for the DNA-targeting antibiotic ciprofloxacin","volume":"64","author":"Ojkic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2013.768987","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and topoisomerase I\/II inhibition activity of novel 4-aryl\/alkyl-1-(piperidin-4-yl)-carbonylthiosemicarbazides and 4-benzoylthiosemicarbazides","volume":"29","author":"Siwek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.645856","article-title":"Proteomic analysis on anti-proliferative and apoptosis effects of curcumin analog, 1,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methyoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one-treated human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061128","article-title":"pH-Sensitive liposomes for enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of daunorubicin in melanoma (B16-BL6) cell lines","volume":"14","author":"Alrbyawi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01605-4","article-title":"Engineering nano-drug biointerface to overcome biological barriers toward precision drug delivery","volume":"20","author":"Waheed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138_bib65","unstructured":"pkCSM web server. http:\/\/biosig.unimelb.edu.au\/pkcsm\/prediction. Accessed at January 8, 2025."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523426005830?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523426005830?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:20:23Z","timestamp":1788049223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523426005830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0223523426005830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Design, synthesis, and integrated biological and molecular modeling studies of ciprofloxacin\u2013amino acid derivatives as multi-target antimicrobials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119138","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119138"}}