{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T15:27:04Z","timestamp":1793978824814,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:53:00Z","timestamp":1784908380000},"page":"119173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A novel cyclic peptide that blocks human autoimmune antibodies for the treatment of Multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"319","author":[{"given":"Corey","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Dodd-o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Baradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelan","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Lateef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Elkabes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek A.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy151","article-title":"The compartmentalized inflammatory response in the multiple sclerosis brain is composed of tissue-resident CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells","volume":"141","author":"Machado-Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102262","article-title":"Conversion of clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: a prospective study","volume":"44","author":"Kolcava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63842","article-title":"B cell exchange across the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis","volume":"122","author":"von Budingen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24088","article-title":"In multiple sclerosis, oligoclonal bands connect to peripheral B-cell responses","volume":"75","author":"Bankoti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00052.x","article-title":"Blood-CSF barrier integrity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"94","author":"Liebsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"248","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248ra106","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008930","article-title":"Immunoglobulin class-switched B cells form an active immune axis between CNS and periphery in multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Palanichamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21311","article-title":"Homogeneity of active demyelinating lesions in established multiple sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Breij","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07053-9","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells populate the human brain","volume":"9","author":"Smolders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.92724","article-title":"Clonal relationships of CSF B cells in treatment-naive multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"2","author":"Eggers","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2782","article-title":"Accumulation of clonally related B lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"164","author":"Colombo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh486","article-title":"Short-lived plasma blasts are the main B cell effector subset during the course of multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Cepok","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.10.009","article-title":"Analysis of multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid reveals a continuum of clonally related antibody-secreting cells that are predominantly plasma blasts","volume":"192","author":"Winges","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.01.010","article-title":"Related B cell clones that populate the CSF and CNS of patients with multiple sclerosis produce CSF immunoglobulin","volume":"233","author":"Obermeier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737784","article-title":"Clonally expanded plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients produce myelin-specific antibodies","volume":"38","author":"von Budingen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq350","article-title":"Related B cell clones populate the meninges and parenchyma of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"134","author":"Lovato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-76969-8","article-title":"Intrathecal IgG and IgM synthesis correlates with neurodegeneration markers and corresponds to meningeal B cell presence in MS","volume":"14","author":"Rodriguez-Mogeda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100035745","article-title":"Intrathecal synthesis of autoantibodies to myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Catz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/5532","article-title":"Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Genain","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1327947","article-title":"Diagnostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis - a multicentre study","volume":"14","author":"Hegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.864133","article-title":"Kappa free light chains, soluble Interleukin-2 receptor, and Interleukin-6 help explore patients presenting with brain White matter hyperintensities","volume":"13","author":"Levraut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1714","article-title":"Matching of oligoclonal immunoglobulin transcriptomes and proteomes of cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Obermeier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520907913","article-title":"Prognostic role of intrathecal IgM synthesis in multiple sclerosis: results from a clinical series","volume":"27","author":"Fonderico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11111444","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid IgM and oligoclonal IgG bands in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and prognosis","volume":"11","author":"Fonderico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105391","article-title":"The role of oligoclonal band count and IgG index in treatment response and disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Taskiran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001005","article-title":"Kappa-free light chains in CSF predict early multiple sclerosis disease activity","volume":"8","author":"Berek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221134217","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement","volume":"29","author":"Hegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104573","article-title":"Kappa free light chain and neurofilament light independently predict early multiple sclerosis disease activity-a cohort study","volume":"91","author":"Hegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200212","article-title":"Complement activation is associated with disease severity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Oechtering","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"7900","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04432-7","article-title":"Clonally expanded B cells in multiple sclerosis bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM","volume":"603","author":"Lanz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022328","article-title":"Antimyelin antibodies as a predictor of clinically definite multiple sclerosis after a first demyelinating event","volume":"349","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510672103","article-title":"Antibodies to native myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein are serologic markers of early inflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"103","author":"Lalive","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04173.x","article-title":"Demyelination induced in aggregating brain cell cultures by a monoclonal antibody against myelin\/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein","volume":"55","author":"Kerlero de Rosbo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws105","article-title":"Functional identification of pathogenic autoantibody responses in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"135","author":"Elliott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507077622","article-title":"Anti-myelin antibodies predict the clinical outcome after a first episode suggestive of MS","volume":"13","author":"Tomassini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002559","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid B cells correlate with early brain inflammation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Kuenz","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120983179","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the development of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Al-Namaeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib37","first-page":"663","article-title":"Clinically isolated syndrome: diagnosis and risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Lopez-Gomez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.077784","article-title":"Antimyelin antibodies and the risk of relapse in patients with a primary demyelinating event","volume":"77","author":"Rauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.05.026","article-title":"Intrathecal IgM index correlates with a severe disease course in multiple sclerosis: clinical and MRI results","volume":"160","author":"Ozakbas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.3365","article-title":"Infection risks among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with Fingolimod, Natalizumab, Rituximab, and injectable therapies","volume":"77","author":"Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"9805","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61649-8","article-title":"Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"378","author":"Kappos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e24373","article-title":"Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis: a 52-week phase II trial","volume":"74","author":"Naismith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201904","article-title":"Ublituximab versus teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"387","author":"Steinman","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00863-4","article-title":"Secondary immunodeficiency and risk of infection following immune therapies in neurology","volume":"35","author":"Szepanowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400118","article-title":"Rituximab efficiently depletes increased CD20-expressing T cells in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"193","author":"Palanichamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1918673","article-title":"Risk of invasive fungal infections among patients treated with disease modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review","volume":"20","author":"Scotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105400","article-title":"Neutropenia following immune-depletion, notably CD20 targeting, therapies in multiple sclerosis","volume":"82","author":"Baker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.795574","article-title":"Risk for cardiovascular adverse events associated with Sphingosine-1-Phosphate receptor modulators in patients with multiple sclerosis: insights from a pooled analysis of 15 randomised controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2021.1942454","article-title":"Update on infective complications in patients treated with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis: review and meta-analysis of real-world and randomized studies","volume":"20","author":"Buonomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib50","article-title":"A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma that developed in a patient receiving fingolimod therapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Takanashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2024.07.007","article-title":"[Translated article] risk of skin cancer associated with disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive evidence review","volume":"115","author":"Brufau-Cochs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231221415","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod compared to natalizumab: a nationwide cohort study of 2095 patients in Denmark","volume":"30","author":"Framke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.08.006","article-title":"Unexpected high multiple sclerosis activity after switching from fingolimod to alemtuzumab","volume":"25","author":"Bernard-Valnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcad358","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad358","article-title":"Risk of T(2) lesions when discontinuing fingolimod: a nationwide predictive and comparative study","volume":"6","author":"Wandall-Holm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0826","article-title":"Rebound syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis after cessation of Fingolimod treatment","volume":"73","author":"Hatcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2009.10.009","article-title":"Synthetic therapeutic peptides: science and market","volume":"15","author":"Vlieghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MD00487B","article-title":"Stabilized cyclic peptides as modulators of protein-protein interactions: promising strategies and biological evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Med. Chem."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm274","article-title":"Secondary structure based analysis and classification of biological interfaces: identification of binding motifs in protein-protein interactions","volume":"23","author":"Guharoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028218","article-title":"Engineered single-domain antibodies with high protease resistance and thermal stability","volume":"6","author":"Hussack","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1021\/cb200478t","article-title":"Bicyclic peptide inhibitor reveals large contact interface with a protease target","volume":"7","author":"Angelini","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38063-x","article-title":"Fast, accurate antibody structure prediction from deep learning on massive set of natural antibodies","volume":"14","author":"Ruffolo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020161","article-title":"RosettaScripts: a scripting language interface to the Rosetta macromolecular modeling suite","volume":"6","author":"Fleishman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Web Server issue","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W249","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr431","article-title":"Rosetta FlexPepDock web server--high resolution modeling of peptide-protein interactions","volume":"39","author":"London","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9446","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1133443100","article-title":"Structural insights into the antigenicity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein","volume":"100","author":"Breithaupt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.11.010","article-title":"Specificity of recombinant antibodies generated from multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid probed with a random peptide library","volume":"172","author":"Yu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4211","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-190769","article-title":"Combinatorial antibody library from multiple sclerosis patients reveals antibodies that cross-react with myelin basic protein and EBV antigen","volume":"25","author":"Gabibov","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.11.092","article-title":"Tyrosine plays a dominant functional role in the paratope of a synthetic antibody derived from a four amino acid code","volume":"357","author":"Fellouse","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1021\/cb800314v","article-title":"The importance of being tyrosine: lessons in molecular recognition from minimalist synthetic binding proteins","volume":"4","author":"Koide","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300087y","article-title":"Aromatic-proline interactions: electronically tunable CH\/pi interactions","volume":"46","author":"Zondlo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20945","article-title":"CHARMM-GUI: a web-based graphical user interface for CHARMM","volume":"29","author":"Jo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.5b00935","article-title":"CHARMM-GUI input generator for NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, OpenMM, and CHARMM\/OpenMM simulations using the CHARMM36 additive force field","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theor. Comput."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.23354","article-title":"CHARMM36 all-atom additive protein force field: validation based on comparison to NMR data","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.9b00560","article-title":"Predicting and experimentally validating hot-spot residues at protein-protein interfaces","volume":"14","author":"Ibarra","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa026","article-title":"BAlaS: fast, interactive and accessible computational alanine-scanning using BudeAlaScan","volume":"36","author":"Wood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45193-3","article-title":"Antiviral fibrils of self-assembled peptides with tunable compositions","volume":"15","author":"Dodd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7858","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01016","article-title":"Evaluation of injectable naloxone-releasing hydrogels","volume":"3","author":"Crowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02454","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the CDR loops of antigen receptors","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.1.323","article-title":"CDR3 length in antigen-specific immune receptors","volume":"179","author":"Rock","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.2874","article-title":"The diversity of H3 loops determines the antigen-binding tendencies of antibody CDR loops","volume":"25","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2012.11.037","article-title":"CDR-H3 diversity is not required for antigen recognition by synthetic antibodies","volume":"425","author":"Persson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20291","article-title":"GROMACS: fast, flexible, and free","volume":"26","author":"Van Der Spoel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2500","article-title":"A recurring motif for antibody recognition of the receptor-binding site of influenza hemagglutinin","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1135","article-title":"Population-based estimates for the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the United States by race, ethnicity, age, sex, and geographic region","volume":"80","author":"Hittle","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063602","article-title":"Lack of association between antimyelin antibodies and progression to multiple sclerosis","volume":"356","author":"Kuhle","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CB00154J","article-title":"Cyclic peptide drugs approved in the last two decades (2001-2021)","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801888","article-title":"Age-dependent B cell autoimmunity to a myelin surface antigen in pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"183","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00821-1","article-title":"The therapeutic age of the neonatal Fc receptor","volume":"23","author":"Pyzik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03246-5","article-title":"Autoantigen microarrays reveal myelin basic protein autoantibodies in morphea","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519837705","article-title":"MOG antibody-associated encephalomyelitis\/encephalitis","volume":"25","author":"Salama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0564-9","article-title":"Albumin and multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"LeVine","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523426006185?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0223523426006185?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:58:58Z","timestamp":1793977138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0223523426006185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S0223523426006185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0223-5234"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0223-5234","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A novel cyclic peptide that blocks human autoimmune antibodies for the treatment of Multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2026.119173","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119173"}}