{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:54:07Z","timestamp":1782816847544,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41EB028744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41EB028744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","physicamedica.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physica Medica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T12:02:27Z","timestamp":1750939347000},"page":"105017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Patient-specific organ dose and in-vivo image quality assessment in clinical CT"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9851-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanyi","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobhit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5902-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hananiel","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Segars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Samei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072149","article-title":"Computed tomography \u2014 an increasing source of radiation exposure","volume":"357","author":"Brenner","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2330","article-title":"Radiation dose for body CT protocols: variability of scanners at one institution","volume":"193","author":"Jaffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112265","article-title":"Achieving routine submillisievert CT scanning: report from the summit on management of radiation dose in CT","volume":"264","author":"McCollough","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12112201","article-title":"Radiation exposure from CT scans: how to close our knowledge gaps, monitor and safeguard exposure\u2014proceedings and recommendations of the radiation dose summit, sponsored by NIBIB, February 24\u201325, 2011","volume":"265","author":"Boone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101900","article-title":"Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk for pediatric chest CT","volume":"259","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boone J, Strauss K, Cody D et al (2011) AAPM report No. 204: size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in pediatric and adult body CT examinations. American Association of Physicists in Medicine website.","DOI":"10.37206\/143"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0035","first-page":"6","article-title":"Use of water equivalent diameter for calculating patient size and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in CT: the report of AAPM task group 220","volume":"2014","author":"McCollough","year":"2014","journal-title":"AAPM Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15128","article-title":"Evaluating size\u2010specific dose estimate (SSDE) as an estimate of organ doses from routine CT exams derived from Monte Carlo simulations","author":"Hardy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0045","series-title":"Managing patient dose in multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT)","author":"Valentin","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3117-7","article-title":"Determining organ dose: the holy grail","volume":"44","author":"Samei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e783","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13087","article-title":"Redefining and reinvigorating the role of physics in clinical medicine: a report from the AAPM medical physics 3.0 ad hoc committee","volume":"45","author":"Samei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0060","first-page":"2","article-title":"2007 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection","volume":"37","author":"Publ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0146645317717209","article-title":"Diagnostic reference levels in medical imaging. ICRP publication 135","volume":"46","author":"Va\u00f1\u00f3","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vennart W (1997) ICRU Report 54: Medical imaging-the assessment of image quality-ISBN 0-913394-53-X. April 1996, Maryland, USA. Radiography 3:243-244.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-8174(97)90038-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.5.3.031403","article-title":"Estimating detectability index in vivo: development and validation of an automated methodology","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3063080","article-title":"iPhantom: a framework for automated creation of individualized computational phantoms and its application to CT organ dosimetry","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00d6, Abdulkadir A, Lienkamp SS, Brox T, Ronneberger O (2016) 3D U-Net: learning dense volumetric segmentation from sparse annotationInternational conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention. Springer, pp 424-432.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46723-8_49"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","article-title":"A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration","volume":"54","author":"Avants","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab467f","article-title":"A real-time Monte Carlo tool for individualized dose estimations in clinical CT","volume":"64","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac2269","article-title":"A scanner-specific framework for simulating CT images with tube current modulation","volume":"66","author":"Jadick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0105","first-page":"2","article-title":"ICRP publication 103","volume":"37","author":"Protection","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu W, Sharma S, Smith T et al (2019) Multi-organ segmentation in clinical-computed tomography for patient-specific image quality and dose metrologyMedical Imaging 2019: Physics of Medical Imaging. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 1094829.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2512883"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W93","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13613","article-title":"Automated technique to measure noise in clinical CT examinations","volume":"205","author":"Christianson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0120","article-title":"Assessment of volumetric noise and resolution performance for linear and nonlinear CT reconstruction methods","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4961984","article-title":"Patient\u2010specific quantification of image quality: an automated method for measuring spatial resolution in clinical CT images","volume":"43","author":"Sanders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017161911","article-title":"US diagnostic reference levels and achievable doses for 10 adult CT examinations","volume":"284","author":"Kanal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18294","article-title":"Comparing dose-length product\u2013based and Monte Carlo simulation organ\u2013based calculations of effective dose in 16-and 64-MDCT examinations using automatic tube current modulation","volume":"210","author":"Haji-Momenian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.22482","article-title":"Patient-informed organ dose estimation in clinical ct: implementation and effective dose assessment in 1048 clinical patients","volume":"216","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2332032107","article-title":"Radiation dose and image quality in pediatric CT: effect of technical factors and phantom size and shape","volume":"233","author":"Siegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0150","series-title":"Physics of Medical Imaging. International Society for Optics and Photonics","article-title":"Comparing two different noise magnitude estimation methods in CT using virtual imaging trialsMedical imaging 2022","author":"Ria","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-07763-7","article-title":"The presence of contrast agent increases organ radiation dose in contrast-enhanced CT","volume":"31","author":"Mazloumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Physica Medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1120179725001279?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1120179725001279?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T16:04:01Z","timestamp":1769616241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1120179725001279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1120179725001279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-1797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Patient-specific organ dose and in-vivo image quality assessment in clinical CT","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physica Medica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2025.105017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica e Sanitaria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105017"}}