{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T09:47:23Z","timestamp":1781776043900,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020655","name":"European Health and Digital Executive Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","physicamedica.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physica Medica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:44:26Z","timestamp":1768437866000},"page":"105724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis on workforce availability, education and training needs for medical physics experts to ensure quality and safety of medical applications involving ionising radiation in the EU \u2013 Status and recommendations from the EU-REST project"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0090-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Garibaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0831-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Visvikis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5815-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csilla","family":"Pesznyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Polycarpou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efi","family":"Koutsouveli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Jornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0005","unstructured":"European Commission (2025) European Health and Digital Executive Agency, Analysis on workforce availability, education and training needs for the quality and safety of medical applications involving ionising radiation in the EU\u2014Status and recommendations\u2014Final report, Pubblications Office of the European Union. https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/doi\/10.2925\/ 2213975."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brady et al. Insights into Imaging (2025) 16:56 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-025-01924-8. A project to define standards for radiology staffing, education and training across the European Union) https:\/\/www.eurosafeimaging.org\/eu-rest. Accessed 12 Dec 2024.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-025-01924-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0015","unstructured":"Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (2024) https:\/\/health.ec.europa. eu\/publications\/2021-eu4health-work-programme_en. Accessed 10 Oct 24."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0020","unstructured":"Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (2024) https:\/\/health.ec.europa. eu\/publications\/europes-beating-cancer-plan_en. Accessed 10 Oct 24."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0025","unstructured":"SAMIRA action plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0030","unstructured":"COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2013\/59\/EURATOM of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89\/618\/ Euratom, 90\/641\/Euratom, 96\/29\/Euratom, 97\/43\/Euratom and 2003\/122\/ Euratom. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2013\/59\/oj. Accessed 24 Oct 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0035","unstructured":"Review and analysis of the transposition and implementation of the Basic Safety Standards provisions on Radiation Protection Expert (RPE), Radiation Protection Officer (RPO) and Medical Physics Expert (MPE) in EU MS project."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0040","unstructured":"European Commission Tender \u2018Medical Applications of Radiation\u2014 Learning from Incidents and Near Misses\u2019, https:\/\/www.eibir.org\/projects\/ marlin\/. Accessed 24 Oct 24."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0045","unstructured":"Guidelines on medical physics expert. European Commission. Radiat Prot 174, 2014 https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/energy\/sites\/ener\/files\/documents\/174.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.03.001","volume":"32","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0055","unstructured":"\u0399\u0391\u0395\u0391 Human Health reports No. 15: Medical Physics Staffing Needs in Diagnostic Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy: An Activity Based Approach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0060","unstructured":"Recursos humanos en los Servicios de Radiof\u00edsica y Protecci\u00f3n Radiol\u00f3gica. Informe del grupo de trabajo de la SEFM. Spanish Society of Medical Physics (SEFM). 2016."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncu312","article-title":"Medical physics personnel for medical imaging: requirements, conditions of involvement and staffing levels-French recommendations","volume":"164","author":"Isambert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat Prot Dosimetry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13664","article-title":"Estimated size of the clinical medical imaging physics workforce in the United States. AAPM diagnostic demand and supply projection working group","volume":"23","author":"Rose","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13364","article-title":"COMP Report: an updated algorithm to estimate medical physics staffing levels for radiation oncology","volume":"22","author":"Malkoske","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.06.032","article-title":"Certification in medical physics imaging, the workforce and training models","volume":"16","author":"Nye","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5232","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v16i3.5232","article-title":"A special report of current state of the medical physicist workforce - results of the 2012 ASTRO comprehensive workforce study","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-013-0195-z","article-title":"A 2012 survey of the Australasian clinical medical physics and biomedical engineering workforce","volume":"36","author":"Round","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-010-0003-y","article-title":"AFOMP POLICY STATEMENT No. 2: recommended clinical radiation oncology medical physicist staffing levels in AFOMP countries","volume":"33","author":"Round","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.08.034","article-title":"Radiotherapy staffing in the European countries: final results from the ESTRO-HERO survey","volume":"112","author":"Lievens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1515\/raon-2016-0004","article-title":"Medical physics in Europe following recommendations of the international atomic energy agency","volume":"50","author":"Casar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13489","article-title":"Current state of the imaging physics workforce and financial model","volume":"22","author":"David","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.02.012","article-title":"The 3rd ESTRO-EFOMP core curriculum for medical physics experts in radiotherapy","volume":"170","author":"Garibaldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2012.06.004","article-title":"Curriculum for education and training of medical physicists in nuclear medicine: recommendations from the EANM Physics Committee, the EANM Dosimetry Committee and EFOMP","volume":"29","author":"Del Guerra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-012-0170-3","article-title":"European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR). Core curriculum for medical physicists in radiology. Recommendations from an EFOMP\/ESR working group","volume":"3","author":"Geleijns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2014.06.001","article-title":"EFOMP Policy statement 12.1: recommendations on medical physics education and training in Europe 2014","volume":"30","author":"Caruana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.01.480","article-title":"The European federation of organisations for medical physics policy statement no. 10.1: recommended guidelines on national schemes for continuing professional development of medical physicists","volume":"32","author":"Christofides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physica Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.03.001","article-title":"EFOMP policy statement 16: the role and competences of medical physicists and medical physics experts under 2013\/59\/EURATOM","volume":"48","author":"Caruana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.01.479","article-title":"The European federation of organisations for medical physics policy statement No. 6.1: recommended guidelines on national registration schemes for medical physicists","volume":"32","author":"Christofides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2016.01.480","article-title":"The European federation of organisations for medical physics policy statement no. 10.1: recommended guidelines on national schemes for continuing professional development of medical physicists","volume":"32","author":"Christofides","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0155","unstructured":"IAEA Human Health Series No. 25. Roles and Responsibilities, and Education and Training Requirements for Clinically Qualified Medical Physicists. Vienna (2013)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0160","unstructured":"IAEA TCS-71. Guidelines for the Certification of Clinically Qualified Medical Physicists. Vienna (2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0165","unstructured":"IAEA TCS-56. Postgraduate Medical Physics Academic Programmes. Vienna (2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0170","unstructured":"IAEA-TCS-50. Clinical Training of Medical Physicists Specializing in Nuclear Medicine. Vienna (2011)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0175","unstructured":"IAEA-TCS-47. Clinical training of Medical Physicists Specializing in Diagnostic Radiology. Vienna (2010)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0180","unstructured":"IAEA-TCS-37. Clinical training of Medical Physicists Specializing in Radiation Oncology. Vienna (2010)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0185","unstructured":"Guidelines on Radiation Protection Education and Training of Medical Professionals in the European Union, European Commission. Radiat Prot 175, 2014 https:\/\/www.eurosafeimaging.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/175.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.01.074","article-title":"140 years of medical physics in Romania","volume":"82","author":"Bodale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-014-2853-0","article-title":"Nuclear medicine training and practice in Poland","volume":"41","author":"Teresi\u0144ska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0200","unstructured":"Standards for Accreditation of Residency Educational Programs in Medical Physics. Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Educational Programs (CAMPEP) 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0205","unstructured":"The IPEM Masters Level Accreditation Framework. 2020."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4763","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v15i3.4763","article-title":"Essentials and guidelines for clinical medical physics residency training programs: executive summary of AAPM Report Number 249","volume":"15","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.03.030","article-title":"Towards an updated ESTROEFOMP core curriculum for education and training of medical physics experts in radiotherapy \u2013 assessment of current training practice in Europe","volume":"84","author":"Garibaldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.03.034","article-title":"Education, training and registration of medical physics experts across Europe","volume":"85","author":"Maas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2023.102620","article-title":"EFOMP Malaga declaration 2023: an updated vision on medical physics in Europe","volume":"111","author":"Byrne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0230","unstructured":"www.royalcollege.ca\/rcsite\/canmeds\/canmeds-framework-e."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0235","unstructured":"MEDRAPET \u2013 Medical Radiation Protection Education and Training. A study on the implementation of the Medical Exposure Directive\u2019s requirements within the European Union. https:\/\/www.eurosafeimaging.org\/medrapet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rainford L, Santos J, Alves F et al. Education and training in radiation protection in Europe: an analysis from the EURAMED rocc-n-roll project. Insights into Imaging volume 13, 142 (2022).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-022-01271-y"}],"container-title":["Physica Medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1120179726000116?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1120179726000116?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:12:47Z","timestamp":1773979967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1120179726000116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1120179726000116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1120-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1120-1797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis on workforce availability, education and training needs for medical physics experts to ensure quality and safety of medical applications involving ionising radiation in the EU \u2013 Status and recommendations from the EU-REST project","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physica Medica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2026.105724","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica e Sanitaria. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105724"}}