{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:43:56Z","timestamp":1792676636352,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,21]],"date-time":"2009-03-21T05:24:16Z","timestamp":1237613056000},"page":"S70-S76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Cervical ripening and insufficiency: From biochemical and molecular studies to in vivo clinical examination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Schlembach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynette","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leili","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Maner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Garfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Maul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.673","article-title":"Control and assessment of the uterus and cervix during pregnancy and labour","volume":"4","author":"Garfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03803.x","article-title":"Methods and devices for the management of term and preterm labor","volume":"943","author":"Garfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115119","article-title":"Does cervical cerclage prevent preterm delivery in patient with a short cervix?","volume":"184","author":"Hassan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.114854","article-title":"Cervical cerclage in the second trimester of pregnancy: a historical cohort study","volume":"184","author":"Novy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib5","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics, www.marchofdimes.com\/peristats."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0890075","article-title":"Formation and breakdown of collagen and elastin in the human uterus during pregnancy and postpartum involution","volume":"89","author":"Woessner","year":"1963","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32333-X","article-title":"Conclusive evidence for the presence of elastin in human and monkey cervix","volume":"142","author":"Leppert","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198303000-00005","article-title":"The morphology of the human cervix","volume":"26","author":"Danforth","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199506000-00009","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of cervical ripening","volume":"38","author":"Leppert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib10","first-page":"103","article-title":"The biochemistry and physiology of the uterine cervix during gestation and parturition","volume":"3","author":"Leppert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prenat Neonat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200609000-00015","article-title":"Cervical ripening: biochemical, molecular, and clinical considerations","volume":"49","author":"Maul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006304","article-title":"Changes in the physical properties of the uterine cervix of the rat during pregnancy","volume":"148","author":"Harkness","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib13","first-page":"27","article-title":"Alterations in collagen organization during dilatation of the cervix uteri","volume":"126","author":"Bryant","year":"1968","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12574.x","article-title":"Ripening of the cervix with extra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel before induction of labour","volume":"84","author":"Calder","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib15","series-title":"Cervix in pregnancy and labour: clinical and biochemical investigation.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cervical ripening as an inflammatory reaction","author":"Liggins","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90608-5","article-title":"The effect of pregnancy and labor on the human cervix: changes in collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans","volume":"120","author":"Danforth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(88)80183-2","article-title":"Elevated tissue levels of collagenase during dilation of uterine cervix in human parturition","volume":"139","author":"Rajabi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod42.1.87","article-title":"Relationship between dilatation of the rat uterine cervix and a small dermatan sulfate proteoglycan","volume":"42","author":"Kokenyesi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib19","series-title":"The extracellular matrix of the uterus, cervix and fetal membranes: synthesis, degradation and hormonal regulation","first-page":"59","article-title":"Elastin and collagen in the human uterus and cervix: biochemical and histological correlation","author":"Leppert","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib20","series-title":"The extracellular matrix of the uterus, cervix and fetal membranes: synthesis, degradation and hormonal regulation","first-page":"68","article-title":"The collagenous tissues of the cervix during pregnancy and delivery","author":"Yeh Yu","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib21","series-title":"The extracellular matrix of the uterus, cervix and fetal membranes: synthesis, degradation and hormonal regulation","first-page":"77","article-title":"Cervical ripening: biochemical regulation","author":"Mori","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib22","series-title":"The extracellular matrix of the uterus, cervix and fetal membranes: synthesis, degradation and hormonal regulation","first-page":"87","article-title":"Connective tissue in human cervical ripening","author":"Ekman","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib23","series-title":"The extra-cellular matrix of the uterus, cervix and fetal membranes: synthesis, degradation and hormonal regulation","first-page":"159","article-title":"Medical dilatation of the human cervix","author":"Robinson","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(93)90114-M","article-title":"Biochemical changes in the human cervical connective tissue after intracervical application of prostaglandin E2","volume":"45","author":"Rath","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200009000-00003","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the uterine cervix","volume":"43","author":"Ludmir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90446-5","article-title":"Ripening of the human uterine cervix related to changes in collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and collagenolytic activity","volume":"147","author":"Uldbjerg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000298975","article-title":"The integrity of cervical collagen during pregnancy and labor","volume":"20","author":"Uldbjerg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198605000-00006","article-title":"Cervical collagen: an important regulator of cervical function in term labor","volume":"67","author":"Ekman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021213","article-title":"Decreased type I collagen expression in human uterine cervix during pregnancy","volume":"88","author":"Iwahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.94","article-title":"Cervical light-induced fluorescence in humans decreases throughout gestation and before delivery: preliminary observations","volume":"188","author":"Maul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)90248-3","article-title":"Morphologic and histochemical evidence for the occurrence of collagenolysis and for the role of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes during cervical dilation","volume":"138","author":"Junqueira","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1998.26.6.437","article-title":"The importance of extracellular matrix in the induction of preterm delivery","volume":"26","author":"Rath","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21770.x","article-title":"Antiprogestins in the induction of labor","volume":"734","author":"Chwalisz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-116-3-1215","article-title":"The physiological role of relaxin in the pregnant rat. III. The influence of relaxin on cervical extensibility","volume":"116","author":"Downing","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib35","first-page":"267","article-title":"Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on interleukin-8 receptor during cervical ripening in late pregnancy","volume":"65","author":"Mochizuki","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Hung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib36","first-page":"380","article-title":"5 alpha reduced androgens play a key role in murine parturition","volume":"10","author":"Mahendroo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib37","first-page":"981","article-title":"The parturition defect in steroid 5a-reductase type 1 knockout mice is due to impaired cervical ripening","volume":"13","author":"Mahendroo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.4.375","article-title":"Human cervical ripening, an inflammatory process mediated by cytokines","volume":"6","author":"Sennstr\u00f6m","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126983","article-title":"Local application of platelet-activating factor induces cervical ripening accompanied by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rats","volume":"187","author":"Maul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.4.382","article-title":"Studies of cervical ripening in pregnant rats: effects of various treatments","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-3-33","article-title":"mRNA expression and localization of bNOS, eNOS, and iNOS in human cervix at preterm and term labour","volume":"3","author":"T\u00f6rnblom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5A6759.2006","article-title":"Effects of progesterone on iNOS, COX-2, and collagen expression in the cervix","volume":"54","author":"Marx","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30085-X","article-title":"Regulation of parturition update. Endocrine and paracrine effectors of term and preterm labor","volume":"25","author":"Kniss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540405201001","article-title":"The role of sensory neurons in cervical ripening: effects of estrogen and neuropeptides","volume":"52","author":"Mowa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib45","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Cerclage and cervical insufficiency: an evidence based analysis","volume":"100","author":"Harger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(87)80277-6","article-title":"Decreased elastic fibers and desmosine content in incompetent cervix","volume":"157","author":"Leppert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib47","first-page":"563","article-title":"Connective tissue changes in the cervix during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by cervical incompetence","volume":"71","author":"Rechberger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-2115(96)02440-2","article-title":"Cervical collagen in non-pregnant women with previous cervical incompetence","volume":"67","author":"Petersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.111248","article-title":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. The preterm prediction study: can low-risk women destined for spontaneous preterm birth be identified?","volume":"184","author":"Iams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181842087","article-title":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU). Preterm prediction study: comparison of the cervical score and Bishop score for prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"112","author":"Newman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib51","first-page":"266","article-title":"Pelvic scoring for elective induction","volume":"24","author":"Bishop","year":"1964","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70257-7","article-title":"The microbiologic effect of digital examination","volume":"180","author":"Imseis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91084-P","article-title":"Prediction of risk for preterm delivery by ultrasonographic measurement of cervical length","volume":"163","author":"Andersen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000292596","article-title":"Transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis and management of cervical incompetence","volume":"36","author":"Chung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib55","first-page":"40","article-title":"Cervical sonography in preterm labor","volume":"84","author":"Iams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90014-0","article-title":"Ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix is better than cervical digital examination as a predictor of the likelihood of premature delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes","volume":"171","author":"Gomez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199505000-00027","article-title":"Sonography and transfundal pressure in the evaluation of the cervix during pregnancy","volume":"50","author":"Guzman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09509.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the cervix in pregnancy using transvaginal ultrasound","volume":"103","author":"Cook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340904","article-title":"The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit Network","volume":"334","author":"Iams","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2002.21.7.727","article-title":"The microbiological effects of endovaginal sonographic assessment of cervical length","volume":"21","author":"Krebs-Jimenez","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.10.719","article-title":"Monitoriung of the effacement of the uterine cervix by transperineal sonography: a new perspective","volume":"14","author":"Zilianti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106851","article-title":"Patients with an ultrasonographic cervical length < or =15mm have nearly a 50% risk of early spontaneous preterm delivery","volume":"182","author":"Hassan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib63","first-page":"972","article-title":"Cervical length at 16\u201322 weeks\u2019 gestation and risk for preterm delivery","volume":"96","author":"Hibbard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90008-7","article-title":"The presence of cervical and vaginal fetal fibronectin predicts preterm delivery in an inner-city obstetric population","volume":"169","author":"Lockwood","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(13)70272-2","article-title":"Fetal fibronectin in patients at increased risk for premature birth","volume":"170","author":"Nageotte","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70068-0","article-title":"Low concentrations of vaginal fetal fibronectin as a predictor of deliveries occurring after 41 weeks","volume":"171","author":"Lockwood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09095.x","article-title":"Fetal fibronectin detection for prediction of preterm birth in low risk women","volume":"102","author":"Hellemans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90182-5","article-title":"Fetal fibronectin improves the accuracy of diagnosis of preterm labor","volume":"173","author":"Iams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70430-7","article-title":"The preterm prediction study: patterns of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin as predictors of spontaneous preterm delivery. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network","volume":"177","author":"Goldenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91383-1","article-title":"Salivary estriol as risk assessment for preterm labor: a prospective trial","volume":"173","author":"McGregor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4A","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A97","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/17\/4A\/014","article-title":"In vitro multifrequency electrical impedance measurements and modeling of the cervix in late pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Avis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2002.056","article-title":"Evaluation of a device for objective determination of cervical consistency: a pilot study of device's validity on uterine specimens obtained by total hysterectomy for benign uterine disease","volume":"30","author":"Predanic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb10410.x","article-title":"An in vivo comparative study of the pregnant and nonpregnant cervix using electrical impedance measurements","volume":"107","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib74","unstructured":"Vuskovic V. Device for in vivo measurement of mechanical properties of internal human soft tissues. Technische Wissenschaften ETH. Z\u00fcrich No. 14222."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1389.004","article-title":"In vivo characterization of the mechanics of human uterine cervices","volume":"1101","author":"Bauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib76","volume":"vol. I","author":"Undenfriend","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1007","article-title":"Fluorescence spectroscopy: a diagnostic tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)","volume":"52","author":"Ramanujam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90648-7","article-title":"Changes in rat cervical collagen during gestation and after antiprogesterone treatment as measured in vivo with light-induced autofluorescence","volume":"173","author":"Glassman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.1999.026","article-title":"Changes in cervical resistance and collagen fluorescence during gestation in rats","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00806.x","article-title":"Prediction of term and preterm parturition and treatment monitoring by measurement of cervical cross-linked collagen using light-induced fluorescence","volume":"84","author":"Maul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.03.006","article-title":"Light-induced fluorescence of the human cervix decreases after prostaglandin application for induction of labor at term","volume":"123","author":"Fittkow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl. S70","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib82","article-title":"Cross-linked collagen in the cervix of pregnant women with cervical insufficiency","volume":"189","author":"Schlembach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackay LB, Shi L, Maul H, Maner WL, Garfield RE. The effect of bilateral pelvic neurectomy on cervical ripening in pregnant rats. J Perinat Med 2009 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.043"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211509001316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211509001316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:22:22Z","timestamp":1759555342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211509001316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0301211509001316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cervical ripening and insufficiency: From biochemical and molecular studies to in vivo clinical examination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}