{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T11:42:24Z","timestamp":1780918944037,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,16]],"date-time":"2010-09-16T05:04:09Z","timestamp":1284613449000},"page":"3-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Embryology and anatomy of the vulva: the female orgasm and women's sexual health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Puppo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0005","series-title":"Human sexual response","author":"Masters","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.04.014","article-title":"Postpartum female sexual function","volume":"145","author":"Abdool","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0015","series-title":"Gray's anatomy","author":"Williams","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0020","series-title":"Trait\u00e9 d\u2019Anatomie Humaine, neuvi\u00e8me \u00e9dition","author":"Testut","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0025","series-title":"Atlas of human sex anatomy","author":"Dickinson","year":"1949"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00069-6","article-title":"The nature of human orgasm: a critical review of major trends","volume":"6","author":"Mah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0035","series-title":"Making sex: body and gender from the Greeks to Freud","author":"Laqueur","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509021194","article-title":"The female corpus spongiosum revisited","volume":"74","author":"Van Turnhout","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022920","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the normal adult human female prostate gland (Skene's gland)","volume":"201","author":"Zaviacic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anat Embryol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.05.017","article-title":"Physiology of ejaculation: emphasis on serotonergic control","volume":"48","author":"Giuliano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022933320700","article-title":"Does preejaculatory penile secretion originating from Cowper's gland contain sperm?","volume":"20","author":"Zukerman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899072","article-title":"Endocrine cells in human Bartholin's glands. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis","volume":"57","author":"Fetissof","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Phatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.0133d.x","article-title":"Extreme hypertrophy of the labia minora","volume":"83","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.01.002","article-title":"Laser labioplasty of labia minora","volume":"93","author":"Pardo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00620.x","article-title":"Pleasure and orgasm in women with female genital mutilation\/cutting (FGM\/C)","volume":"4","author":"Catania","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.03.010","article-title":"Response of the labia majora and minora to clitoral stimulation","volume":"86","author":"Shafik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05961.x","article-title":"Sexually responsive vascular tissue of the vulva","volume":"97","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.040","article-title":"Evaluation of the role of pudendal nerve integrity in female sexual function using noninvasive techniques","volume":"192","author":"Connell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0095","first-page":"340","article-title":"Control of the development of Onuf's spinal nucleus","volume":"12","author":"Catala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80165-4","article-title":"Response of the urethral and intracorporeal pressures to cavernosus muscle stimulation: role of the muscle in erection and ejaculation","volume":"46","author":"Shafik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0105","first-page":"513","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of the corpora cavernosa of the human clitoris","volume":"188","author":"Toesca","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.08.023","article-title":"Surgical treatment of clitoral phimosis caused by lichen sclerosus","volume":"196","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.57.6.1813","article-title":"Mechanoreceptor response to mechanical and thermal stimuli in the glans penis of the dog","volume":"57","author":"Johnson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90357-4","article-title":"The neuroanatomical basis for the protopathic sensibility of the human glans penis","volume":"371","author":"Halata","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0125","first-page":"41","article-title":"Clitoral size in normal women","volume":"80","author":"Verkauf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0130","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Clitoral priapism: a rare condition presenting as a cause of vulvar pain","volume":"100","author":"Medina","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00935.x","article-title":"Priapism of the clitoris","volume":"113","author":"Arntzen","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000128906.61529.6b","article-title":"Levator ani muscle anatomy evaluated by origin insertion pairs","volume":"104","author":"Kearney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0145","first-page":"145","article-title":"The role of urethra in female orgasm","volume":"III","author":"Grafenberg","year":"1950","journal-title":"Int J Sexol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.04.007","article-title":"Colombo and the clitoris","volume":"151","author":"Stringer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498109551094","article-title":"Female ejaculation: a case study","volume":"17","author":"Addiego","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115995","article-title":"The G-spot: a modern gynecologic myth","volume":"185","author":"Hines","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01671.x","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on self-reported G-spots in women: a twin study","volume":"7","author":"Burri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000263927.82639.9b","article-title":"Committee opinion No. 378: vaginal \u201crejuvenation\u201d and cosmetic vaginal procedures","volume":"110","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2006.09.005","article-title":"Normal sexual response in women","volume":"33","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.20346.x","article-title":"Assessment and management of women's sexual dysfunctions: problematic desire and arousal","volume":"2","author":"Basson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0185","series-title":"Masters and Johnson on sex and human loving","author":"Masters","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009_bib0190","series-title":"Oral Presentation-9th Congress of the European Federation of Sexology","article-title":"Clarifications about some theories in sexology and about a correct sexual terminology","author":"Puppo","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030121151000415X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030121151000415X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:23:07Z","timestamp":1759555387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030121151000415X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S030121151000415X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Embryology and anatomy of the vulva: the female orgasm and women's sexual health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}