{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1784905843983,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T21:22:02Z","timestamp":1437168122000},"page":"136-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Determination of the 90% effective dose (ED90) of phenylephrine for hypotension during elective cesarean delivery using a continual reassessment method"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0155","first-page":"62","article-title":"Maternal hypotension during spinal anesthesia for caesarean delivery","volume":"79","author":"Mercier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3283530d62","article-title":"Caesarean delivery vasopressor management","volume":"25","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c30b72","article-title":"Up\u2013down determination of the 90% effective dose of phenylephrine for the treatment of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery","volume":"110","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1054\/ijoa.2001.0926","article-title":"Obstetric neuraxial anaesthesia: which pressor agents should we be using","volume":"11","author":"McKinlay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200204000-00028","article-title":"A quantitative, systematic review of randomized controlled trials of ephedrine versus phenylephrine for the management of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery","volume":"94","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2008.09.008","article-title":"ED95 of phenylephrine to prevent spinal-induced hypotension and\/or nausea at elective cesarean delivery","volume":"18","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2307\/2531628","article-title":"Continual reassessment method: a practical design for phase 1 clinical trials in cancer","volume":"46","author":"O\u2019Quigley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2005.00678.x","article-title":"Minimum effective dose of midazolam for sedation of mechanically ventilated neonates","volume":"30","author":"Treluyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0306-5251.2007.02960.x","article-title":"Effective dose of nefopam in 80% of patients (ED80): a study using the continual reassessment method","volume":"64","author":"Beloeil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes503","article-title":"What is the ED95 of prilocaine for femoral nerve block using ultrasound","volume":"110","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31829764cf","article-title":"Application of the continual reassessment method to dose-finding studies in regional anesthesia: an estimate of the ED95 dose for 0.5% bupivacaine for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block","volume":"119","author":"Kant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774511411593","article-title":"Using the continual reassessment method to estimate the minimum effective dose in phase II dose-finding studies: a case study","volume":"10","author":"Zohar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0215","article-title":"Obstetric anesthesia handbook","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200212000-00034","article-title":"Fetal and maternal effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery","volume":"97","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774506cn134oa","article-title":"The continual reassessment method for dose-finding studies: a tutorial","volume":"3","author":"Garrett-Mayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181f2eae1","article-title":"The dose-dependent effects of phenylephrine for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia","volume":"111","author":"Stewart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.920","article-title":"The continual reassessment method: comparison of Bayesian stopping rules for dose-ranging studies","volume":"20","author":"Zohar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2005.00630.x","article-title":"Dose-finding study of ibuprofen in patent ductus arteriosus using the continual reassessment method","volume":"30","author":"Desfrere","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199206000-00006","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for side effects of spinal anesthesia","volume":"76","author":"Carpenter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.08.009","article-title":"A randomized comparison of onset of anesthesia between spinal bupivacaine 5mg with immediate epidural 2% lidocaine 5mL and bupivacaine 10mg for cesarean delivery","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq296","article-title":"ED(5)(0) and ED(9)(5) of intrathecal levobupivacaine with opioids for caesarean delivery","volume":"106","author":"Bouvet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0260","first-page":"2","article-title":"Comparison of spinal block levels between laboring and nonlaboring parturients using combined spinal epidural technique with intrathecal plain bupivacaine","volume":"18713","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12034","article-title":"Assessment of block height for satisfactory spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section","volume":"67","author":"Ousley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199912000-00045","article-title":"Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intrathecal opioids in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"91","author":"Dahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02239.x","article-title":"Definitions of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: literature search and application to parturients","volume":"54","author":"Kl\u00f6hr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1081\/BIP-100101190","article-title":"The distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator in up-and-down experiments for quantal dose\u2013response data","volume":"9","author":"Vagero","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biopharm Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774508096474","article-title":"A comprehensive comparison of the continual reassessment method to the standard 3+3 dose escalation scheme in phase I dose-finding studies","volume":"5","author":"Iasonos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000267514.42592.2a","article-title":"Advances in and limitations of up-and-down methodology: a precis of clinical use, study design, and dose estimation in anesthesia research","volume":"107","author":"Pace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00788.x","article-title":"An approach for dose finding of drugs in infants: sedation by midazolam studied using the continual reassessment method","volume":"46","author":"Fabre","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00226.x","article-title":"Choice of designs and doses for early phase trials","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211515002286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211515002286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:43:10Z","timestamp":1784904190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211515002286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0301211515002286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determination of the 90% effective dose (ED90) of phenylephrine for hypotension during elective cesarean delivery using a continual reassessment method","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}