{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T16:29:15Z","timestamp":1773073755576,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T12:31:41Z","timestamp":1491913901000},"page":"102-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Episiotomy: What angle do you cut to the midline?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(20)90067-4","article-title":"The prophylactic forceps operation","volume":"1","author":"De Lee","year":"1920","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0010","first-page":"CD000081","article-title":"Episiotomy for vaginal birth","author":"Carroli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01554.x","article-title":"Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery","volume":"115","author":"De Leeuw","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12060","article-title":"The use of episiotomy in a low-risk population in the Netherlands: a secondary analysis","volume":"40","author":"Seijmonsbergen-Schermers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04569.x","article-title":"A comparison between midline and mediolateral episiotomies","volume":"87","author":"Coats","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0030","unstructured":"NICE, Intrapartum care for healthy women and babies. CG190. December 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00835.x","article-title":"Does the angle of episiotomy affect the incidence of anal sphincter injury","volume":"113","author":"Eogan","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03293.x","article-title":"Episiotomy characteristics and risks for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case-control study","volume":"119","author":"Stedenfeldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.12.002","article-title":"Mediolateral episiotomy: are trained midwives and doctors approaching it from a different angle?","volume":"174","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-015-2625-9","article-title":"Cutting an episiotomy at 60 degrees: how good are we?","volume":"26","author":"Naidu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6933.887","article-title":"Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair","volume":"308","author":"Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00647.x","article-title":"Anal incontinence after obstetric sphincter tears: incidence in a Norwegian county","volume":"83","author":"Norderval","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7512","article-title":"Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS)\u2014does the grade of tear matter","volume":"36","author":"Roos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318142cdf4","article-title":"Obstetric anal sphincter injury: incidence, risk factors, and management","volume":"247","author":"Dudding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.17.2141","article-title":"Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Hartmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.07.022","article-title":"Definitions of mediolateral episiotomy in Europe","volume":"100","author":"Kalis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.03030.x","article-title":"Differences in episiotomy technique between midwives and doctors","volume":"110","author":"Tincello","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00645.x","article-title":"Are mediolateral episiotomies actually mediolateral","volume":"112","author":"Andrews","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006_bib0095","series-title":"Perineal and anal sphincter trauma","first-page":"13","article-title":"Diagnosis of perineal trauma","author":"Sultan","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211517301574?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211517301574?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:39:44Z","timestamp":1759556384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211517301574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["S0301211517301574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Episiotomy: What angle do you cut to the midline?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}