{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:58:22Z","timestamp":1789891102866,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T02:13:15Z","timestamp":1522203195000},"page":"204-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The action of estrogens and progestogens in the young female breast"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Zolfaroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Tar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8046-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70425-4","article-title":"Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies","volume":"13","author":"Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and combined estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy","volume":"91","author":"IARC","year":"2007","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0015","first-page":"283","article-title":"Combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives","volume":"100A","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2012","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.18.1371","article-title":"Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project P-1 study","volume":"90","author":"Fisher","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103507","article-title":"Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal women","volume":"364","author":"Goss","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0030","unstructured":"Zolfaroli I, Tar\u00edn JJ, Cano A. Hormonal contraceptives and breast cancer. Clinical data, Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915148107","article-title":"Two distinct mechanisms underlie progesterone-induced proliferation in the mammary gland","volume":"107","author":"Beleut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1535","article-title":"Mechanisms of estrogen action","volume":"81","author":"Nilsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0045","first-page":"575","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of estrogen receptor-positive cells in normal, nonlactating human breast tissue","volume":"47","author":"Petersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/35021093","article-title":"Molecular portraits of human breast tumours","volume":"406","author":"Perou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2015.1078304","article-title":"Progestogens and risk of breast cancer: a link between bone and breast?","volume":"32","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ricarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R21","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3396","article-title":"Oestrogen increases the activity of oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer stem cells through paracrine EGFR and Notch signalling","volume":"15","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09091","article-title":"Progesterone induces adult mammary stem cell expansion","volume":"465","author":"Joshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09495","article-title":"RANK ligand mediates progestin-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis","volume":"468","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70301-2","article-title":"Sex hormones and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a collaborative reanalysis of individual participant data from seven prospective studies","volume":"14","author":"Key","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70911-1","article-title":"Hormonal therapy for menopause and breast-cancer risk by histological type: a cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Reeves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1701","article-title":"Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"291","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/6.3.207","article-title":"Modulation of the oestrogen receptor: a process with distinct susceptible steps","volume":"6","author":"Cano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2017.06.023","article-title":"Current advances in endocrine therapy options for premenopausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer","volume":"147","author":"Gemignani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji372","article-title":"Tamoxifen for the prevention of breast cancer: current status of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 study","volume":"97","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.23.joc60074","article-title":"Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial","volume":"295","author":"Vogel","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1981.168","article-title":"Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the resting human breast","volume":"44","author":"Ferguson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-3049-9","article-title":"RANKL expression in normal and malignant breast tissue responds to progesterone and is up-regulated during the luteal phase","volume":"146","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","article-title":"Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Rossouw","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0125","first-page":"146","article-title":"The molecular biology of RU486. Is there a role for antiprogestins in the treatment of breast cancer?","volume":"13","author":"Horwitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(00)00195-1","article-title":"Progesterone antagonists and progesterone receptor modulators in the treatment of breast cancer","volume":"65","author":"Klijn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151182","article-title":"Effects of combination of estradiol with selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) on human Breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00388-8","article-title":"Onapristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist, as first-line therapy in primary breast cancer","volume":"35","author":"Robertson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den228","article-title":"The effect of mifepristone on breast cell proliferation in premenopausal women evaluated through fine needle aspiration cytology","volume":"23","author":"Engman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt216","article-title":"Randomized phase II study of lonaprisan as second-line therapy for progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Jonat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-2955-1","article-title":"RANK expression as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer","volume":"145","author":"Pfitzner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0538-7","article-title":"RANK-ligand (RANKL) expression in young breast cancer patients and during pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Azim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5857","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2745","article-title":"RANK signaling blockade reduces Breast cancer recurrence by inducing tumor cell differentiation","volume":"76","author":"Yoldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211518301556?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211518301556?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:44:13Z","timestamp":1759556653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211518301556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0301211518301556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The action of estrogens and progestogens in the young female breast","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.03.057","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}