{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:08:09Z","timestamp":1790777289303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,5]],"date-time":"2019-01-05T17:01:05Z","timestamp":1546707665000},"page":"14-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by vitrification versus conventional rapid freezing: Effects on motility, viability, morphology and cellular defects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"234","author":[{"given":"Minh Tam","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Thai Thanh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh Tung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Van Trung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi Tam An","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Quoc Huy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoc Thanh","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)39678-9","article-title":"Synopsis of the use of frozen human semen since 1964: state of the art of human semen banking","volume":"24","author":"Sherman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2017.02.004","article-title":"Modern human sperm freezing: effect on DNA, chromatin and acrosome integrity","volume":"56","author":"Rahiminia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2017.06.008","article-title":"Effectiveness of human spermatozoa biomarkers as indicators of structural damage during cryopreservation","volume":"78","author":"Gomez-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1515\/pjvs-2015-0062","article-title":"Apoptotic-like changes of boar spermatozoa in freezing media supplemented with different antioxidants","volume":"18","author":"Trzcinska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pol J Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0076-x","article-title":"Sperm cryodamage occurs after rapid freezing phase: flow cytometry approach and antioxidant enzymes activity at different stages of cryopreservation","volume":"7","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854837","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/854837","article-title":"Human Sperm Cryopreservation: Update on Techniques, Effect on DNA Integrity, and Implications for ART","volume":"2012","author":"Di Santo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0035","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Comparison of Cryopreserved Human Sperm between Ultra Rapid Freezing and Slow Programmable Freezing: Effect on Motility, Morphology and DNA Integrity","volume":"98","author":"Tongdee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2014.976720","article-title":"Effect of sperm storage and selection techniques on sperm parameters","volume":"61","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12307","article-title":"Large volume cryoprotectant-free vitrification: an alternative to conventional cryopreservation for human spermatozoa","volume":"47","author":"Slabbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex281","article-title":"New permeable cryoprotectant-free vitrification method for native human sperm","volume":"32","author":"Aizpurua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-012-9351-z","article-title":"Effects of very rapid versus vapor phase freezing on human sperm parameters","volume":"14","author":"Darvishnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.09.066","article-title":"Comparison of cryopreserved human sperm in vapor and liquid phases of liquid nitrogen: effect on motility parameters, morphology, and sperm function","volume":"90","author":"Punyatanasakchai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.11.015","article-title":"Vitrification is not superior to rapid freezing of normozoospermic spermatozoa: effects on sperm parameters, DNA fragmentation and hyaluronan binding","volume":"28","author":"Agha-Rahimi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0070","first-page":"633","article-title":"Slow cryopreservation is not superior to vitrification in human spermatozoa; an experimental controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Ali Mohamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0075","first-page":"103","article-title":"A complement for the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (First edition, 2010)","volume":"23","author":"Sanchez-Alvarez","year":"2012","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0080","series-title":"Textbook of assisted reproductive technologies: laboratory and clinical perspectives","author":"Gardner","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.5935\/1518-0557.20160042","article-title":"The effects of storing and transporting cryopreserved semen samples on dry ice","volume":"20","author":"Til","year":"2016","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0090","first-page":"433","article-title":"Vitrification of human ICSI\/IVF spermatozoa without cryoprotectants: new capillary technology","volume":"44","author":"Isachenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2012.01314.x","article-title":"Vitrified sperm banks: the new aseptic technique for human spermatozoa allows cryopreservation at \u221286 \u00b0C","volume":"44","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-07-0463","article-title":"Acrosomal status and mitochondrial activity of human spermatozoa vitrified with sucrose","volume":"136","author":"Isachenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5173\/ceju.2013.01.art15","article-title":"Sperm cyropreservation and oxidative damage. What does it mean?","volume":"66","author":"Olszewska-Slonina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cent European J Urol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep214","article-title":"Cryopreservation-induced human sperm DNA damage is predominantly mediated by oxidative stress rather than apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Thomson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-017-0973-8","article-title":"Sperm parameters that play a major role in the assessment of semen quality after cryopreservation","volume":"34","author":"Palomar Rios","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0120","series-title":"Equine reproductive procedures","author":"Dascanio","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.012005","article-title":"DNA fragmentation in morphologically normal spermatozoa: how much should we be concerned in the ICSI era?","volume":"32","author":"Avendano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2012.09.003","article-title":"Effect of freezing-thawing process and quercetin on human sperm survival and DNA integrity","volume":"65","author":"Zribi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-009-9359-x","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Schulte","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2015.98475","article-title":"Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men","volume":"41","author":"Aydos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01267.x","article-title":"Comparison of cryopreserved human sperm from solid surface vitrification and standard vapor freezing method: on motility, morphology, vitality and DNA integrity","volume":"44","author":"Satirapod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0332-y","article-title":"Sperm preparation before freezing improves sperm motility and reduces apoptosis in post-freezing-thawing sperm compared with post-thawing sperm preparation","volume":"31","author":"Petyim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211519300089?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211519300089?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:43:14Z","timestamp":1759556594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211519300089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0301211519300089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by vitrification versus conventional rapid freezing: Effects on motility, viability, morphology and cellular defects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}