{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:19:37Z","timestamp":1783948777236,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T20:41:41Z","timestamp":1590439301000},"page":"167-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ultrasound and clinical characteristics of uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"251","author":[{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Cotrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Carosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Macchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Baima Poma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0563-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Ribotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Viora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sciarrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-7557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Borella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Zola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0005","article-title":"Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas)","volume":"2015","author":"Lethaby","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2011.09.005","article-title":"AAGL practice report: practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of submucous leiomyomas","volume":"19","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4949-4","article-title":"Incidence and groups at risk for unexpected uterine leiomyosarcoma: a Dutch nationwide cohort study","volume":"299","author":"van den Haak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0020","series-title":"Tumors of the Breast and Female Genital Organs","article-title":"Pathology and Genetics","author":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumors","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0025","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumour of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): Where are we now?","volume":"26","author":"Ganesan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1031w","article-title":"Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential: Clinicopathologic-Sonographic Characteristics, Follow-Up and Recurrence","volume":"8","author":"Bacanakgil","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V39N8p625","article-title":"A clinicopathologic study of uterine smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP)","volume":"39","author":"Ng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0040","first-page":"8136","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): pathology, follow-up and recurrence","volume":"7","author":"Dall\u2019Asta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.07.002","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumors of unknown malignant potential: a challenging question","volume":"154","author":"Gadducci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.02.020","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a retrospective analysis","volume":"113","author":"Guntupalli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000001178","article-title":"The clinicopathological study of 21 cases with uterine smooth muscle tumors of Uncertain Malignant potential: centralized review can purify the diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Basaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2472-1654.100080","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumors of Uncertain Malignant potential (STUMP): review of pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance","volume":"2","author":"Mp","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Healthc Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2011.12.025","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Vilos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2015.07.005","article-title":"Successful pregnancy following myomectomy for uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.06.003","article-title":"A clinicopathologic review and obstetric outcome of uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) in a single institution","volume":"228","author":"Ha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2012.23.1.69","article-title":"Late presentation of metastatic smooth muscle neoplasm of the uterus with low malignant potential","volume":"23","author":"Canciani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13515","article-title":"Predictors of adverse outcome in uterine smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): a clinicopathological analysis of 22 cases with a proposal for the inclusion of additional histological parameters","volume":"73","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.103148","article-title":"Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential: a rare cause of multiple pulmonary nodules","volume":"33","author":"Kotsopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368182","article-title":"Pulmonary metastases of a uterine smooth muscle tumour with undefined malignancy potential","volume":"74","author":"Esch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24998","article-title":"Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI in the differentiation between uterine leiomyosarcoma \/ smooth muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential and benign leiomyoma","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200207000-00005","article-title":"Usefulness of Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI and serum determination of LDH and its isozymes in the differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma from degenerated leiomyoma of the uterus","volume":"12","author":"Goto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7890241","article-title":"Presurgical identification of uterine smooth muscle malignancies through the characteristic FDG uptake pattern on PET scans","volume":"2018","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0115","series-title":"Blaustein\u2019s pathology of the female genital tract","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14806","article-title":"Terms, definitions and measurements to describe sonographic features of myometrium and uterine masses: a consensus opinion from the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) group","volume":"46","author":"Van den Bosch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.07.003","article-title":"Pathology of uterine leiomyosarcomas and smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential","volume":"25","author":"Ip","year":"2011","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199406000-00001","article-title":"Hendrickson M. Problematic uterine smooth muscle neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 213 cases","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0135","series-title":"WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13124","article-title":"The mitosis-specific marker phosphohistone-H3 (PHH3) is an independent prognosticator in uterine smooth muscle tumours: an outcome-based study","volume":"70","author":"Chow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0145","first-page":"93","article-title":"Expression of Ki-67, P53 and progesterone receptors in uterine smooth muscle tumors","volume":"34","author":"Petrovi\u0107","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagnostic value. Coll Antropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2009.09.023","article-title":"Uterine sarcomas: a review","volume":"116","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02699.x","article-title":"Uterine leiomyosarcomas are characterized by high p16, p53 and MIB1 expression in comparison with usual leiomyomas, leiomyoma variants and smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential","volume":"50","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e31815ea7f5","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p53, and Ki-67 expression in uterine smooth muscle tumors","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203717666160322150603","article-title":"A proteomic analysis of human uterine myoma","volume":"18","author":"Rizzello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.185","article-title":"Genome profiling is an efficient tool to avoid the STUMP classification of uterine smooth muscle lesions: a comprehensive array-genomic hybridization analysis of 77 tumors","volume":"31","author":"Croce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14008","article-title":"Uterine mesenchymal tumours: recent advances","volume":"76","author":"Momeni-Boroujeni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12325","article-title":"Value of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the characterization of uterine mesenchymal tumors","volume":"93","author":"Bonneau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.014","article-title":"Imaging techniques for evaluation of uterine myomas","volume":"34","author":"Testa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20386","article-title":"Can gray-scale and color Doppler sonography differentiate between uterine leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma?","volume":"35","author":"Exacoustos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20075","article-title":"Uterine sarcomas versus leiomyomas: gray-scale and Doppler sonographic findings","volume":"33","author":"Aviram","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20270","article-title":"Imaging in gynecological disease (15): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of uterine sarcoma","volume":"54","author":"Ludovisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211520303237?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211520303237?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:48:11Z","timestamp":1759556891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211520303237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0301211520303237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ultrasound and clinical characteristics of uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.05.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}