{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:36:51Z","timestamp":1792093011602,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T15:45:14Z","timestamp":1605109514000},"page":"215-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence of postpartum depression at the clinic for obstetrics and gynecology in Kosovo teaching hospital: Demographic, obstetric and psychosocial risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"256","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5154-9816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vjosa A.","family":"Zejnullahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dardane","family":"Ukella-Lleshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valon A.","family":"Zejnullahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermira","family":"Miftari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valbona","family":"Govori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0010","article-title":"Perinatal mental health: a guide to the edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS)","author":"Cox","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"issue":"February 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22334","article-title":"Are symptom features of depression during pregnancy, the postpartum period and outside the peripartum period distinct? Results from a nationally representative sample using item response theory (IRT)","volume":"32","author":"Hoertel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"January 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/09540269609037816","article-title":"Rates and risk of postpartum depression\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019hara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"May 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.5.607","article-title":"Demographic and obstetric risk factors for postnatal psychiatric morbidity","volume":"168","author":"Warner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"November 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0030","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence","volume":"106","author":"Gavin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"October 10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30284-X","article-title":"Epidemiology of maternal depression, risk factors, and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"3","author":"Gelaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"January 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.10.006","article-title":"Is perinatal depression familial?","volume":"90","author":"Murphy-Eberenz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"June 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.924","article-title":"Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression","volume":"157","author":"Bloch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"December 12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08050709","article-title":"Plasma melatonin circadian rhythm disturbances during pregnancy and postpartum in depressed women and women with personal or family histories of depression","volume":"165","author":"Parry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S25320","article-title":"Postpartum depression: psychoneuroimmunological underpinnings and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"September 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200109000-00004","article-title":"Predictors of postpartum depression: an update","volume":"50","author":"Beck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"May 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0065","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression within one year after birth in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"Azad","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"July 8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02950.x","article-title":"Is mode of delivery associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks: a prospective cohort study","volume":"118","author":"Sword","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"March 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13275","article-title":"Delineating the association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression symptoms: a longitudinal study","volume":"97","author":"Eckerdal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"July 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2012.12.002","article-title":"Breastfeeding and postpartum depression: state of the art review","volume":"89","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"April 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0085","first-page":"193","article-title":"Risk factors for postpartum depression: a retrospective investigation at 4-weeks postnatal and a review of the literature","volume":"106","author":"McCoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"issue":"August 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.04.003","article-title":"Fetal gender and postpartum depression in a cohort of Chinese women","volume":"65","author":"Xie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"September 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00661","article-title":"Effects of early maternal depression on patterns of infant\u2013mother attachment: a meta-analytic investigation","volume":"41","author":"Martins","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"December 12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200112000-00006","article-title":"Longitudinal study of maternal depressive symptoms and child well-being","volume":"40","author":"Luoma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"December 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-5-2","article-title":"The Ha Noi Expert Statement: recognition of maternal mental health in resource-constrained settings is essential for achieving the Millennium Development Goals","volume":"5","author":"Fisher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"July 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-006-0129-9","article-title":"Prevalence and social correlates of postnatal depression in a low income country","volume":"9","author":"Husain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"issue":"June 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale","volume":"150","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"April 1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.10.024","article-title":"Employment, income, and education and risk of postpartum depression: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study","volume":"130","author":"Miyake","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"June 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2015.12.018","article-title":"The impact of prenatal psychologic and obstetric parameters on postpartum depression in late-term pregnancies: a preliminary study","volume":"55","author":"Cirik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"March 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(14)60030-4","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in a population-based sample of women in Tangxia Community, Guangzhou","volume":"7","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med."},{"issue":"July 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.4103\/ATMPH.ATMPH_236_17","article-title":"The relationship between model of delivery and postpartum depression","volume":"10","author":"Sarah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"April 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0140","article-title":"Predictors of postpartum depression: prospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Youn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression at a primary healthcare facility in Eswatini","volume":"25","author":"Dlamini","year":"2019","journal-title":"S Afr J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.21275\/v5i4.NOV162531","article-title":"Prevalence of postpartum depression and risk factors in woman who did delivery in university clinical center of Kosovo clinic of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"5","author":"Obertinca","year":"2016","journal-title":"IJSR"},{"issue":"June 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-011-0206-6","article-title":"Postpartum depression according to time frames and sub-groups: a survey in primary health care settings in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Lobato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"issue":"December 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-302","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of postpartum depression symptomatology among Canadian women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Lanes","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"March 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20128","article-title":"Risk for maternal depression and child aggression in Early Head Start families: a test of ecological models","volume":"28","author":"Malik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"issue":"April 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2017.1415881","article-title":"Prenatal smoking and postpartum depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"June 7200","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7200.1721","article-title":"Stillbirth as risk factor for depression and anxiety in the subsequent pregnancy: cohort study","volume":"318","author":"Hughes","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"April 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1591-z","article-title":"New evidence on breastfeeding and postpartum depression: the importance of understanding women\u2019s intentions","volume":"19","author":"Borra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"February 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0185","first-page":"223","article-title":"Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms","volume":"99","author":"Josefsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"Mar-Apr 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000204787.83768.0c","article-title":"Cesarean section and postpartum depression: a review of the evidence examining the link","volume":"68","author":"Carter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"June 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0195","article-title":"The mistreatment of women during childbirth in health facilities globally: a mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Bohren","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"October 11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02660.x","article-title":"Perinatal complications increase the risk of postpartum depression. The Generation R Study","volume":"117","author":"Blom","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"issue":"March 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00114.x","article-title":"Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma","volume":"82","author":"Saisto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"July 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2004.02.006","article-title":"Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature","volume":"26","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"December 6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/61569","article-title":"Incidence of postpartum depression and couple relationship quality","volume":"50","author":"Ma\u0142us","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"issue":"January 8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081426","article-title":"Social Support\u2014A Protective Factor for Depressed Perinatal Women?","volume":"16","author":"Milgrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211520307363?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211520307363?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:51:18Z","timestamp":1759557078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211520307363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0301211520307363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of postpartum depression at the clinic for obstetrics and gynecology in Kosovo teaching hospital: Demographic, obstetric and psychosocial risk factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.11.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}