{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:18:43Z","timestamp":1768274323125,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T02:09:34Z","timestamp":1646618974000},"page":"64-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Abnormal vaginal flora correlates with pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective study from 737 pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7575-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiatao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20201766","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome analysis of healthy women during different periods of gestation","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.5.1058","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and acquisition of vaginal infections","volume":"174","author":"Hawes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.04.004","article-title":"Cervicovaginal Microbiomes-Threats and Possibilities","volume":"27","author":"Reid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2017.1306688","article-title":"Defence factors of vaginal lactobacilli","volume":"44","author":"Kovachev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31823ea228","article-title":"The microbiota of the vagina and its influence on women's health and disease","volume":"343","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.686167","article-title":"The Vaginal Microbiome: A Long Urogenital Colonization Throughout Woman Life","volume":"11","author":"Auriemma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00181","article-title":"The Vaginal Microenvironment: The Physiologic Role of Lactobacilli","volume":"5","author":"Amabebe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1318-3","article-title":"Vaginal microbial flora and outcome of pregnancy","volume":"281","author":"Donati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/28296.10417","article-title":"Comparative Study on the Vaginal Flora and Incidence of Asymptomatic Vaginosis among Healthy Women and in Women with Infertility Problems of Reproductive Age","author":"Babu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szubert M, Weteska M, Zgliczynska J, et al. The association between imbalances in vaginal microflora and duration of pregnancy as well as selected maternal and neonatal parameters. Ginekologia Polska 2021;92(9):624-630.","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2021.0035"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0055","first-page":"B4830","article-title":"Characterization of the vaginal microflora in health and disease","volume":"61","author":"Datcu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0307-y","article-title":"The healthy human microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Lloyd-Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x","article-title":"Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"116","author":"Donders","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36964-2","article-title":"Association between preterm delivery and bacterial vaginosis with or without treatment","volume":"9","author":"Shimaoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv041","article-title":"The role of infection in miscarriage","volume":"22","author":"Giakoumelou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2020.08.001","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiome in Preterm Rupture of Membranes","volume":"47","author":"Bennett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.004","article-title":"Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger","volume":"168","author":"Donders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0095","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Bolan GA, Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(RR-03):1-137."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.231","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections across age groups","volume":"219","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0189","article-title":"Looking for appropriateness in the cure of mixed vaginitis: the role of fenticonazole as an empiric treatment","volume":"14","author":"Tumietto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0110","unstructured":"Cooperative Group of Infectious Disease C S o O, Gynecology C M A. [Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of mixed vaginitis (2021 edition)]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2021;56(1):15\u201318."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007","article-title":"Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery","volume":"342","author":"Epstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180167","article-title":"Bacterial communities found in placental tissues are associated with severe chorioamnionitis and adverse birth outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Doyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105172","article-title":"Exploring the global vaginal microbiome and its impact on human health","volume":"160","author":"Abou Chacra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2488-z","article-title":"Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the middle belt of Ghana","volume":"19","author":"Konadu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000316051","article-title":"Vaginal flora alterations and clinical symptoms in low-risk pregnant women","volume":"71","author":"Gondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11060","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502875112","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation of the human microbiota during pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"DiGiulio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00438-6","article-title":"Changes in the Vaginal Microbiome during the Pregnancy to Postpartum Transition","volume":"28","author":"Nunn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07790-9","article-title":"The vaginal microbiome of pregnant women is less rich and diverse, with lower prevalence of Mollicutes, compared to non-pregnant women","volume":"7","author":"Freitas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2017.08.006","article-title":"Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy at three health centers in Burkina Faso","volume":"28","author":"Sangar\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.33.9.17926","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in a tertiary health institution, south western Nigeria","volume":"33","author":"Aduloju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98587-4","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome as a tool for prediction of chorioamnionitis in preterm labor: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Urushiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0297","article-title":"Evidence that intra-amniotic infections are often the result of an ascending invasion - a molecular microbiological study","volume":"47","author":"Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.13244","article-title":"Lower genital tract infections in preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor: a case-control study from Vietnam","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"9606","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500361604","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and small for gestational age, but not with spontaneous preterm birth: a population-based study on Danish women","volume":"19","author":"Thorsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-02963-3","article-title":"Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in the Ho municipality, Ghana: species identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates","volume":"20","author":"Waikhom","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.5.4187","article-title":"Vaginal discharge during pregnancy and associated adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Khaskheli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013_b0200","article-title":"Bacterial Vaginosis and Pregnancy Outcome in Lagos","volume":"3","author":"Afolabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nigeria Open Forum Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211522002445?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211522002445?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T05:57:04Z","timestamp":1759557424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211522002445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0301211522002445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Abnormal vaginal flora correlates with pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective study from 737 pregnant women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}