{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:46:44Z","timestamp":1782776804991,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:32:42Z","timestamp":1772497962000},"page":"115036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Geographic variation in spontaneous preterm birth incidence at the province and municipal level in the Netherlands: A population registry based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1861-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"TE.","family":"Dijkhuis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MA.","family":"van Os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JV.","family":"Been","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CJM.","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ACJ.","family":"Ravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0005","unstructured":"Althabe Fernando, Howson CPaul, Kinney Mary, Lawn Joy. Born too soon\u00a0: the global action report on preterm birth. World Health Organization; 2012. 112 p."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00094-3","article-title":"Looking back in time: outcome of a national cohort of very preterm infants born in the Netherlands in 1983","volume":"59","author":"Walther","year":"2000","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12990","article-title":"Gestational age and socio-demographic factors associated with school performance at the age of 12 years, a population-based study","volume":"37","author":"Burger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.585","article-title":"Risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth among healthy nulliparous pregnant women in the Netherlands, a prospective cohort study","author":"Schuster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0030","first-page":"10","article-title":"Association of neighbourhood socioeconomic trajectories with preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age in the Netherlands: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"1","author":"Burgos Ochoa","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14891","article-title":"Psychological distress during pregnancy and adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes: the role of socioeconomic status","volume":"163","author":"Daalderop","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks123","article-title":"The relationship between antenatal care and preterm birth: the importance of content of care","volume":"23","author":"Beeckman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-102","article-title":"Regional perinatal mortality differences in the Netherlands; Care is the question","volume":"9","author":"Tromp","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213162","article-title":"Persisting inequalities in birth outcomes related to neighbourhood deprivation","volume":"74","author":"Bertens","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03010.x","article-title":"Trends in preterm birth: Singleton and multiple pregnancies in the Netherlands, 2000-2007","volume":"118","author":"Schaaf","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14684","article-title":"Trends in preterm birth in the Netherlands in 2011\u20132019: apopulation-based study among singletons and multiples","volume":"103","author":"Klumper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0628-7","article-title":"Differences in perinatal morbidity and mortality on the neighbourhood level in dutch municipalities: a population based cohort study","author":"Vos","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0070","unstructured":"Ravelli ACJ, Steegers EAP, Rijninks-Van Driel GC, Abu-Hanna A, Eskes M, Verhoeff AP, et al. Perinatale sterfteverschillen in Amsterdam [Internet]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2011. Available from: www.cbs.nl."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.080408","article-title":"The effect of neighbourhood income and deprivation on pregnancy outcomes in Amsterdam, the Netherlands","volume":"63","author":"Agyemang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"282","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2023.01.019","article-title":"Impact of ethnicity and neighborhood deprivation on preterm birth: how does urban living play a role?","volume":"1","author":"van Winden","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9542-5","article-title":"Individual accumulation of heterogeneous risks explains perinatal inequalities within deprived neighbourhoods","volume":"26","author":"Timmermans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162506","article-title":"Cross-Country individual participant analysis of 4.1 million singleton births in 5 countries with very high human development index confirms known associations but provides no biologic explanation for 2\/3 of all preterm births","author":"Ferrero","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13455","article-title":"Geographical differences in preterm delivery rates in Sweden: a population-based cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Murray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46864","article-title":"US County-Level Variation in Preterm Birth rates, 2007-2019","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031357","article-title":"Did an urban perinatal health programme in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, reduce adverse perinatal outcomes? Register-based retrospective cohort study","author":"De Jonge","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0110","first-page":"152","article-title":"A good start for all children: Integrating early-life course medical and social care through Solid Start, the Netherlands\u2019 nationwide action programme","volume":"1","author":"Steegers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Policy (New York)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903042561","article-title":"Maternal BMI and preterm birth: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Torloni","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693689","article-title":"Smoking during Pregnancy and adverse Birth and Maternal Outcomes in California, 2007 to 2016","volume":"37","author":"Ratnasiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0362","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth in nulliparous women: a prospective study","volume":"48","author":"Dagklis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl154","article-title":"Maternal and biochemical predictors of spontaneous preterm birth among nulliparous women: a systematic analysis in relation to the degree of prematurity","volume":"35","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0676-z","article-title":"Socio-demographic inequalities across a range of health status indicators and health behaviours among pregnant women in prenatal primary care: a cross-sectional study","author":"Baron","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/children10040678","article-title":"Antenatal Care and Health Behavior of Pregnant Women\u2014An Evaluation of the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania","author":"Lange","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2024.02.014","article-title":"Etiologically based Functional Taxonomy of the Preterm Birth Syndrome","author":"Villar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211526001028?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211526001028?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:07:25Z","timestamp":1782774445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211526001028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0301211526001028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Geographic variation in spontaneous preterm birth incidence at the province and municipal level in the Netherlands: A population registry based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115036"}}