{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:47:07Z","timestamp":1792234027461,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000738","name":"University of Leicester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ejog.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:47:54Z","timestamp":1791992874000},"page":"115485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Human mollicutes- a silent cause of pelvic infections and associated infertility \u2212 a review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"327","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3251-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert A.","family":"Opoku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masautso","family":"Chaponda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Abushama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badreldeen","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9736-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin C.","family":"Konje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0005","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. WHO Global Report, Infertility Prevalence Estimates [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2026 May 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/978920068315."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0010","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organisation Infertility Fact sheet [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 May 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infertility."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0015","series-title":"IVF and other ART in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic landscape analysis. Human Reproduction Update","first-page":"213","author":"Chiware","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmn042","article-title":"Infertility and the provision of infertility medical services in developing countries","volume":"14","author":"Ombelet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0025","unstructured":"Female subfertility Evers."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1361821","article-title":"Potential influence of the microbiome on infertility and assisted reproductive technology","volume":"32","author":"Sirota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001355","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2018","volume":"48","author":"Kreisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of selected bacterial sexually transmitted diseases on pregnancy and female fertility","author":"Smolarczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences MDPI AG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0045","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity","article-title":"Mycoplasma and ureaplasma","author":"Li\u00e9bana-Martos","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3013","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00399-w","article-title":"The associations of genital mycoplasmas with female infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0055","series-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. clinical infectious diseases","first-page":"418","author":"Lis","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2024.1807","article-title":"An overview regarding the relationship between Mollicutes, infertility and antibiotic resistance (Review)","author":"Cutoiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedical Reports Spandidos Publications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15146","article-title":"Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? \u2013 a position statement from the European STI guidelines Editorial Board","author":"Horner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Blackwell Publishing Ltd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0070","first-page":"27","article-title":"Diagnostic workup for a couple with unexplained infertility \u2013 VVOG guidance","volume":"1","author":"Abbib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0075","unstructured":"NICE. Fertility problems: assessment and treatment NICE guideline [Internet]. 2026. Available from: www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng257."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead150","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline: unexplained infertility","volume":"38","author":"Romualdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.10.014","article-title":"Evidence-based treatments for couples with unexplained infertility: a guideline","volume":"113","author":"Penzias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419825948","article-title":"British association for sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with Mycoplasma genitalium (2018)","volume":"30","author":"Soni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"8233","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92461-2","article-title":"A newly discovered mycoplasma in the human urogenital tract","volume":"317","author":"JosephG","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janet A Robertson GWSJWDJRHDTFKMCS and DKF. Proposal of Ureaplasma parvum sp. nov. and emended description of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Shepard et al. 1974) Robertson et al. 2001. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002 Mar 1;52(2). doi:10.1099\/ijs.0.01965-0.","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.01965-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0105","article-title":"Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed nomenclature for the human T (T-Strain) M ycoplasmas","author":"Shepard","year":"1974","journal-title":"International Association zyxwvutsr of Microbiological Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.154850","article-title":"Current perspectives","author":"Kokkayil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2016.09.004","article-title":"Ureaplasma spp. in male infertility and its relationship with semen quality and seminal plasma components","volume":"51","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17972","article-title":"2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections","volume":"36","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0125","unstructured":"Fraser CM, Gocayne JD, White O, Adams MD, Clayton RA, Fleischmann RD, et al. The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium A total of [Internet]. 1995 Oct. Available from: https:\/\/www.science.org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000621","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of mycoplasma genitalium infections in women: a narrative review","author":"Dehon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases Lippincott Williams and Wilkins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0135","first-page":"21","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: a review. Microbiology (United Kingdom)","author":"Gnanadurai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiology Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0140","article-title":"Emerging antimicrobial resistance and high prevalence of genital Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections among infertile women in Algeria: Implications for reproductive health","author":"Mairi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0145","first-page":"14","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection in the female reproductive system: diseases and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: from chrysalis to multicolored butterfly","volume":"24","author":"Taylor-Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-88","article-title":"Comparative genome analysis of 19 Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum strains","volume":"12","author":"Paralanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"216","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S389","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix198","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium in women: current knowledge and research priorities for this recently emerged pathogen","volume":"15","author":"Wiesenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93318-1","article-title":"Results from a large cross-sectionalstudy assessing C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility","volume":"11","author":"Paira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi-2024-0628","article-title":"To screen or not to screen\u2014controversies in testing for Mycoplasma genitalium","author":"Copete","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0175","first-page":"152","article-title":"Increased prevalence of endocervical mycoplasma and ureaplasma colonization in infertile women with tubal factor","volume":"24","author":"Piscopo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bras Reprod Assist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0180","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between mycoplasma genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)","author":"Htaik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0185","first-page":"951","article-title":"Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Ezeanya-Bakpa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/959816","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of pelvic inflammatory disease","author":"Haggerty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.02.044","article-title":"Concordance of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis in infertile couples: Impact on semen parameters","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0200","article-title":"Genital mycoplasma infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reproductive Health BioMed Central Ltd"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-015-1724-z","article-title":"Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections and semen quality in 19,098 infertile men in China","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0210","article-title":"British association of sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with Mycoplasma genitalium, 2025","author":"Soni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv194","article-title":"Epidemiology of Mycoplasma genitalium in british men and women aged 16-44 years: evidence from the third National Survey of Sexual attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)","volume":"44","author":"Sonnenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001324","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of sexually transmitted disease in women","author":"McGowin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moridi K, Moridi K, Moridi K, Moridi K, Hemmaty M, Hemmaty M, et al. Epidemiology of genital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran; A systematic review and meta-analysis study (2000-2019). BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 29;20(1). doi:10.1186\/s12889-020-08962-5 PubMed PMID: 32600306.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08962-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13390","article-title":"The role of genital mycoplasma infection in female infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"85","author":"Tantengco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.01.034","article-title":"Semen infections in men with primary infertility in the real-life setting","volume":"113","author":"Boeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"306","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2024.12.024","article-title":"Women with persistent\/recurrent vaginal discharge should be offered multiplex-7 PCR testing","volume":"1","author":"Hamad","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0245","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality weekly report sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021 centers for disease control and prevention mmwr editorial and production staff (serials)","author":"Walensky","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Editorial Board"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E103","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.180881","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection","volume":"191","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0255","unstructured":"Australasian Society for HIV VH and SHM (ASHM). Australian STI Management Guidelines for Use in Primary Care [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2026 May 28]. Available from: https:\/\/sti.guidelines.org.au\/sexually-transmissible-infections\/mycoplasma-genitalium\/?print=pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0260","unstructured":"Bonkat G, Bartoletti R, Bruy\u00e8re F, Cai T, Geerlings SE, K\u00f6ves B, et al. EAU GUIDELINES ON UROLOGICAL INFECTIONS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485_b0265","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality weekly report sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention MMWR Editorial and production staff (Serials)","author":"Walensky","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Editorial Board"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211526005531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0301211526005531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:17:29Z","timestamp":1792232249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0301211526005531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0301211526005531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-2115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-2115","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human mollicutes- a silent cause of pelvic infections and associated infertility \u2212 a review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2026.115485","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115485"}}